{"id":11135,"date":"2023-07-09T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-07-09T01:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/uncategorized-sk\/bleu-skies-pre-revitalizaciu-ohrozenych-jazykov-presnost-neuronoveho-prekladu-ai-lemko-rusyn-and-ukrainian-prudko-stupa-2023\/"},"modified":"2026-01-23T06:16:16","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T06:16:16","slug":"bleu-skies-pre-revitalizaciu-ohrozenych-jazykov-presnost-neuronoveho-prekladu-ai-lemko-rusyn-and-ukrainian-prudko-stupa-2023","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/veda\/studia\/bleu-skies-pre-revitalizaciu-ohrozenych-jazykov-presnost-neuronoveho-prekladu-ai-lemko-rusyn-and-ukrainian-prudko-stupa-2023\/","title":{"rendered":"BLEU Skies pre revitaliz\u00e1ciu ohrozen\u00fdch jazykov: Presnos\u0165 neur\u00f3nov\u00e9ho prekladu AI Lemko Rusyn and Ukrainian prudko st\u00fapa (2023)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-abstract\">Abstrakt<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zr\u00fdch\u013euj\u00faca sa glob\u00e1lna strata jazykov, spojen\u00e1 so zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm v\u00fdskytom u\u017e\u00edvania neleg\u00e1lnych l\u00e1tok, cukrovky 2. typu, nadmern\u00e9ho pitia alkoholu a napadnut\u00ed, ako aj \u0161es\u0165n\u00e1sobne vy\u0161\u0161ou mierou samovr\u00e1\u017ed ml\u00e1de\u017ee, predstavuje narastaj\u00facu v\u00fdzvu pre men\u0161inov\u00e9, domorod\u00e9, ute\u010deneck\u00e9, kolonizovan\u00e9 a imigrantsk\u00e9 komunity. V prostrediach, kde je medzigenera\u010dn\u00fd prenos \u010dasto naru\u0161en\u00fd, syst\u00e9my neur\u00f3nov\u00e9ho strojov\u00e9ho prekladu s umelou inteligenciou maj\u00fa potenci\u00e1l revitalizova\u0165 dedi\u010dn\u00e9 jazyky a posilni\u0165 nov\u00fdch hovorcov t\u00fdm, \u017ee im umo\u017enia porozumie\u0165 a by\u0165 pochopen\u00ed prostredn\u00edctvom okam\u017eit\u00e9ho prekladu. Rie\u0161enia umelej inteligencie v\u0161ak predstavuj\u00fa probl\u00e9my, ako s\u00fa ne\u00famern\u00e9 n\u00e1klady a probl\u00e9my s kvalitou v\u00fdstupu. Rie\u0161en\u00edm je prepoji\u0165 neur\u00f3nov\u00e9 enginy s klasick\u00fdmi, na pravidl\u00e1ch zalo\u017een\u00fdmi, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa in\u017einierom o\u010disti\u0165 text od v\u00fdpo\u017ei\u010diek a neutralizova\u0165 interferenciu dominantn\u00fdch jazykov. T\u00e1to pr\u00e1ca opisuje prepracovanie enginu nasaden\u00e9ho na LemkoTran.com, aby umo\u017enil preklad do a z Lemko, v\u00e1\u017ene ohrozen\u00e9ho men\u0161inov\u00e9ho dialektu ukrajinskej genetickej klasifik\u00e1cie, p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho pre pohrani\u010dn\u00e9 oblasti medzi Po\u013eskom a Slovenskom (kde sa tie\u017e ozna\u010duje ako Rus\u00edn\u010dina). Prekladov\u00e9 moduly zalo\u017een\u00e9 na slovn\u00edkoch boli vybaven\u00e9 morfologicky a syntakticky informovan\u00fdmi gener\u00e1tormi podstatn\u00fdch mien, slovies a pr\u00eddavn\u00fdch mien, poh\u00e1\u0148an\u00fdmi 877 lemami spolu so 708 glos\u00e1rov\u00fdmi z\u00e1znamami, a cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m bol podroben\u00fd 9 518 automatick\u00fdm, k\u00f3difika\u010dne referen\u010dn\u00fdm testom kontroly kvality, ktor\u00e9 museli prejs\u0165. V\u00fdsledkom tejto pr\u00e1ce je 23 % zlep\u0161enie kvality prekladu do angli\u010dtiny od poslednej publik\u00e1cie a 35 % zv\u00fd\u0161enie kvality prekladu z angli\u010dtiny do Lemko, poskytuj\u00fac preklady, ktor\u00e9 prekon\u00e1vaj\u00fa ka\u017ed\u00fa slu\u017ebu Google Translate vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch metrik\u00e1ch a dosahuj\u00fa o 396 % vy\u0161\u0161ie sk\u00f3re ako ukrajinsk\u00e1 slu\u017eba Google pri preklade do Lemko.      <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file aligncenter downloadable\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-c89f055c-7e3d-46f7-8c37-12bf5c1a6f8e\" href=\"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Orynycz_2023_HCI_preprint.pdf\">Z\u00edska\u0165 PDF<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Orynycz_2023_HCI_preprint.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download=\"\" aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-c89f055c-7e3d-46f7-8c37-12bf5c1a6f8e\">Stiahnu\u0165<\/a><\/div>\n    <section class=\"petro-citation\" aria-labelledby=\"petro-citation-heading-2023-bleu\">\n        <h3 id=\"petro-citation-heading-2023-bleu\">\n            Please cite as:        <\/h3>\n\n        <p class=\"petro-citation__text\">\n            <cite id=\"petro-cite-2023-bleu\" class=\"p-name\">\n                Orynycz, P. (2023). BLEU Skies for Endangered Language Revitalization: Lemko Rusyn and Ukrainian Neural AI Translation Accuracy Soars. In: Degen, H., Ntoa, S. (eds) Artificial Intelligence in HCI. HCII 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14051. Springer, Cham. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-35894-4_10            <\/cite>\n\n                            <span class=\"petro-citation__micro h-cite\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                                            <span class=\"p-author\">Orynycz, P.<\/span>\n                                                                <time class=\"dt-published\" datetime=\"2023\">\n                            2023                        <\/time>\n                                                                <span class=\"p-name\">BLEU Skies for Endangered Language Revitalization: Lemko Rusyn and Ukrainian Neural AI Translation Accuracy Soars<\/span>\n                                                                <a class=\"u-url\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-35894-4_10\"><\/a>\n                                    <\/span>\n                    <\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"petro-citation__actions\">\n            <button\n                type=\"button\"\n                class=\"petro-copy-btn\"\n                data-copy-target=\"#petro-cite-2023-bleu\"\n                data-copied-text=\"Copied!\">\n                Copy citation            <\/button>\n\n                            <button\n                    type=\"button\"\n                    class=\"petro-copy-btn petro-copy-btn--bibtex\"\n                    data-copy-target=\"#petro-bibtex-2023-bleu\"\n                    data-copied-text=\"Copied!\">\n                    Copy BibTeX                <\/button>\n\n                <pre id=\"petro-bibtex-2023-bleu\" class=\"petro-bibtex\" aria-hidden=\"true\">@incollection{orynycz2023bleu,\n  author    = {Petro Orynycz},\n  title     = {BLEU Skies for Endangered Language Revitalization: Lemko Rusyn and Ukrainian Neural AI Translation Accuracy Soars},\n  booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence in HCI},\n  series    = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},\n  volume    = {14051},\n  publisher = {Springer},\n  address   = {Cham},\n  year      = {2023},\n  doi       = {10.1007\/978-3-031-35894-4_10}\n}<\/pre>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n    \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n    \"@type\": \"ScholarlyArticle\",\n    \"name\": \"BLEU Skies for Endangered Language Revitalization: Lemko Rusyn and Ukrainian Neural AI Translation Accuracy Soars\",\n    \"headline\": \"BLEU Skies for Endangered Language Revitalization: Lemko Rusyn and Ukrainian Neural AI Translation Accuracy Soars\",\n    \"author\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Person\",\n        \"name\": \"Petro Orynycz\",\n        \"alternateName\": \"\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e \u041e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447\"\n    },\n    \"datePublished\": \"2023\",\n    \"inLanguage\": \"en\",\n    \"identifier\": {\n        \"@type\": \"PropertyValue\",\n        \"propertyID\": \"doi\",\n        \"value\": \"10.1007\/978-3-031-35894-4_10\"\n    },\n    \"url\": \"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-35894-4_10\",\n    \"sameAs\": [\n        \"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-35894-4_10\"\n    ],\n    \"isPartOf\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Book\",\n        \"name\": \"Artificial Intelligence in HCI\",\n        \"isPartOf\": {\n            \"@type\": \"Series\",\n            \"name\": \"Lecture Notes in Computer Science\",\n            \"volumeNumber\": \"14051\",\n            \"publisher\": {\n                \"@type\": \"Organization\",\n                \"name\": \"Springer\"\n            }\n        }\n    },\n    \"keywords\": [\n        \"Lemko\",\n        \"Lemko Rusyn\",\n        \"Ukrainian\",\n        \"neural machine translation\",\n        \"endangered languages\"\n    ]\n}        <\/script>\n            <\/section>\n    \n\n<p class=\"alert is-style-text-annotation has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-f3410a103140fe6c67769040f1829c63 is-style-text-annotation--1 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"border-radius:41px;color:#0f5132;background-color:#d1e7dd\"> \u2705 T\u00e1to verzia pr\u00edspevku bola prijat\u00e1 na publikovanie po recenzii, ale nie je fin\u00e1lnou publikovanou verziou (Version of Record) a neodr\u00e1\u017ea vylep\u0161enia po prijat\u00ed ani \u017eiadne opravy. Fin\u00e1lna publikovan\u00e1 verzia (Version of Record) je dostupn\u00e1 online na <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-35894-4_10\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-35894-4_10<\/a>. Pou\u017eitie tejto prijatej verzie podlieha podmienkam pou\u017e\u00edvania vydavate\u013esk\u00e9ho akceptovan\u00e9ho rukopisu: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/open-research\/policies\/accepted-manuscript-terms\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/open-research\/policies\/accepted-manuscript-terms<\/a>.  <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Obsah<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-abstract\" data-level=\"2\">Abstrakt<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-1-introduction\" data-level=\"2\">1 \u00davod<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-1-1-the-problem\" data-level=\"3\">1.1 Probl\u00e9m<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-1-2-system-under-study\" data-level=\"3\">1.2 \u0160tudovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-2-state-of-the-art\" data-level=\"2\">2 Stav techniky<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-3-materials-and-methods\" data-level=\"2\">3 Materi\u00e1ly a met\u00f3dy<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-3-1-materials\" data-level=\"3\">3.1 Materi\u00e1ly<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-3-2-methods\" data-level=\"3\">3.2 Met\u00f3dy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-4-results-and-discussion\" data-level=\"2\">4 V\u00fdsledky a diskusia<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-4-1-english-to-lemko-translation-quality\" data-level=\"3\">4.1 Kvalita prekladu z angli\u010dtiny do Lemko<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-lemko-to-english-translation\" data-level=\"3\">Preklad z Lemko do angli\u010dtiny<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-5-conclusion\" data-level=\"2\">5 Z\u00e1ver<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-references\" data-level=\"3\">Referencie<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-introduction\">1 \u00davod<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-1-the-problem\">1.1 Probl\u00e9m<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jazyky zanikaj\u00fa tempom minim\u00e1lne jedn\u00e9ho za kalend\u00e1rny \u0161tvr\u0165rok, pri\u010dom t\u00e1to strata sa m\u00e1 do roku 2062 strojn\u00e1sobi\u0165 a do roku 2100 p\u00e4\u0165n\u00e1sobne zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165, \u010do ovplyvn\u00ed viac ako 1 500 jazykov\u00fdch komun\u00edt [1, str. 163 a 169]. Tak\u00e9to v\u00fdsledky s\u00fa spojen\u00e9 so zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm v\u00fdskytom u\u017e\u00edvania neleg\u00e1lnych l\u00e1tok [2, str. 179], cukrovky 2. typu [3], nadmern\u00e9ho pitia alkoholu a napadnut\u00ed [4], ako aj \u0161es\u0165n\u00e1sobne vy\u0161\u0161ou mierou samovr\u00e1\u017ed ml\u00e1de\u017ee, ak menej ako polovica \u010dlenov komunity ovl\u00e1da jazyk [5]. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ned\u00e1vna \u0161t\u00fadia v Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch zistila, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvanie domorod\u00fdch jazykov m\u00e1 pozit\u00edvne \u00fa\u010dinky na zdravie, bez oh\u013eadu na \u00farove\u0148 znalosti [6]. Experiment na hovorcoch v Po\u013esku zistil, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvanie Lemko zmier\u0148uje emocion\u00e1lne, behavior\u00e1lne a depres\u00edvne sympt\u00f3my vypl\u00fdvaj\u00face z kognit\u00edvnej dostupnosti traumy [7]. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Strojov\u00fd preklad s umelou inteligenciou m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 roz\u0161\u00edri\u0165 spom\u00ednan\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky na hovorcov dedi\u010dn\u00fdch jazykov revitaliz\u00e1ciou umieraj\u00facich a spiacich jazykov [8, str. 577]. Napr\u00edklad nov\u00ed hovorcovia m\u00f4\u017eu okam\u017eite vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 spr\u00e1vny text a te\u0161i\u0165 sa z porozumenia \u010d\u00edtan\u00e9ho textu pomocou automatick\u00fdch strojov\u00fdch prekladov\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed ako pom\u00f4cky, k\u00fdm nedosiahnu pln\u00fa, nez\u00e1visl\u00fa plynulos\u0165. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-2-system-under-study\">1.2 \u0160tudovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m<\/h3>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-language\"><strong>Jazyk<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><dfn>Lemko<\/dfn> je definit\u00edvne a\u017e v\u00e1\u017ene ohrozen\u00fd [9, str. 177\u2013178] v\u00fdchodoslovansk\u00fd dialekt juhoz\u00e1padnej ukrajinskej genetickej klasifik\u00e1cie [10, str. 52; 11, str. 39], p\u00f4vodn\u00fd pre pohrani\u010dn\u00e9 oblasti medzi Po\u013eskou republikou a Slovenskou republikou; niektor\u00ed ho ozna\u010duj\u00fa ako Rus\u00edn\u010dina [11, str. 39; 12].<\/p>\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-eastern-boundaries\">V\u00fdchodn\u00e9 hranice<\/h5>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jedine\u010dnou izoglosou odli\u0161uj\u00facou Lemko na v\u00fdchode je pevn\u00fd paroxytonick\u00fd (predposledn\u00e1 slabika) pr\u00edzvuk, vlastnos\u0165 zdie\u013ean\u00e1 s po\u013esk\u00fdmi a v\u00fdchodoslovensk\u00fdmi dialektmi [10, str. 161\u2013162 a 972\u2013973; 11, str. 50; 13, str. 70\u201373], \u010d\u00edm sa jeho rozsah na v\u00fdchodnom Slovensku rozprestiera minim\u00e1lne po rieku Laborec, s prechodnou z\u00f3nou siahaj\u00facou \u010falej [13, str. 70; 11, str. 50]. Medzit\u00fdm v Po\u013esku historick\u00fd rozsah Lemko siaha minim\u00e1lne po rieky Os\u0142awica alebo Wis\u0142ok, s prechodnou z\u00f3nou za nimi [11, str. 50]. <\/p>\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-western-boundaries\">Z\u00e1padn\u00e9 hranice<\/h5>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Historick\u00e9 z\u00e1padn\u00e9 hranice Lemko s\u00fa rieky Poprad a Dunajec [14, str. 459].<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-locale\">Lokalita<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u00f4vodn\u00e9 dediny roden\u00fdch hovorcov, ktor\u00fdch rozhovory tvoria korpus, sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch administrat\u00edvnych hraniciach dne\u0161n\u00e9ho Malopo\u013esk\u00e9ho vojvodstva, ktor\u00e9ho hlavn\u00fdm mestom je Krakov.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter\"><table><tbody><tr><td>N\u00e1zov Lemko<\/td><td>Transliter\u00e1cia<\/td><td>Po\u013esk\u00fd n\u00e1zov<\/td><td>Okresn\u00e9 s\u00eddlo<\/td><td>S\u00eddlo obce<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0406\u0437\u0431\u044b<\/td><td>Izb\u0177<\/td><td>Izby<\/td><td>Gorlice<\/td><td>U\u015bcie Gorlickie<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0490\u043ba\u0434\u044b\u0448i\u0432<\/td><td>Glad\u0177\u0161iv<\/td><td>G\u0142adysz\u00f3w<\/td><td>Gorlice<\/td><td>U\u015bcie Gorlickie<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0427\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435<\/td><td>\u010corne<\/td><td>Czarne<\/td><td>Gorlice<\/td><td>S\u0119kowa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0414\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0435<\/td><td>Dolhe<\/td><td>D\u0142ugie<\/td><td>Gorlice<\/td><td>S\u0119kowa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0411\u0456\u043b\u0446\u0430\u0440\u044c\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/td><td>Bilcar\u02b9ova<\/td><td>Binczarowa<\/td><td>Nowy S\u0105cz<\/td><td>Gryb\u00f3w<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0424\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430<\/td><td>Fl\u02b9orynka<\/td><td>Florynka<\/td><td>Nowy S\u0105cz<\/td><td>Gryb\u00f3w<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0427\u044b\u0440\u043d\u0430<\/td><td>\u010c\u0177rna<\/td><td>Czyrna<\/td><td>Nowy S\u0105cz<\/td><td>Krynica-Zdr\u00f3j<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Tabu\u013eka 1.<\/strong> P\u00f4vodn\u00e9 dediny roden\u00fdch hovorcov, s ktor\u00fdmi sa uskuto\u010dnili rozhovory v korpusovom materi\u00e1li.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-state-of-the-art\">2 Stav techniky<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Minul\u00fd rok boli zverejnen\u00e9 prv\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky hodnotenia kvality strojov\u00fdch prekladov do Lemko: BLEU 6.28, \u010do bolo takmer trojn\u00e1sobok v\u00fdsledku ukrajinskej slu\u017eby Google Translate<a href=\"#_ftn1\" id=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> (BLEU 2.17) [15, str. 570]. Rok predt\u00fdm sme s kolegami publikovali a predstavili prv\u00e9 svetov\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky strojov\u00e9ho prekladu z Lemko do angli\u010dtiny: BLEU 14.57 [16]. <\/p>\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" id=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Zverejnenie: Pracujem ako platen\u00fd \u0161pecialista na kontrolu kvality prekladov z ukrajin\u010diny, po\u013e\u0161tiny a ru\u0161tiny pre projekt Google Translate. S\u00eddlo m\u00f4jho klienta je v San Franciscu v Kalifornii. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Engine bol nasaden\u00fd a spr\u00edstupnen\u00fd zadarmo na univerz\u00e1lnom lok\u00e1tore zdrojov <a href=\"https:\/\/www.LemkoTran.com\">https:\/\/www.LemkoTran.com<\/a>, kde je translitera\u010dn\u00fd engine v prev\u00e1dzke od jesene 2017. Na prekladov\u00fd engine prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t v tla\u010di pouk\u00e1zali Dr. Scherrer a Rabus v \u010dasopise Cambridge University Press <em>Natural Language Engineering<\/em> v roku 2019 [17].  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-materials-and-methods\">3 Materi\u00e1ly a met\u00f3dy<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-1-materials\">3.1 Materi\u00e1ly<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Experiment bol vykonan\u00fd na bilingv\u00e1lnom korpuse, ktor\u00fd zah\u0155\u0148al lemkovsk\u00e9 cyrilsk\u00e9 prepisy a anglick\u00e9 preklady rozhovorov s pre\u017eiv\u0161\u00edmi a de\u0165mi n\u00faten\u00fdch pres\u00eddlen\u00ed z p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch zem\u00ed v Po\u013esku. Prepisy a ich preklady<a href=\"#_ftn1\" id=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> boli zarovnan\u00e9 naprie\u010d 3 267 segmentmi, pri\u010dom Microsoft Word uviedol po\u010det slov v zdrojovom texte Lemko 68 944 a v cie\u013eovom texte angli\u010dtiny 81 188. <\/p>\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" id=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Bol som najat\u00fd na vyhotovenie prepisov a ich preklad nad\u00e1ciou John and Helen Timo Foundation z Wilmingtonu, Delaware, ktor\u00e1 n\u00e1sledne darovala v\u00fdsledky pr\u00e1ce na moje vedeck\u00e9 v\u00fdskumn\u00e9 a v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 \u00fasilie.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zdroje pravdy zah\u0155\u0148ali slovn\u00edky Jaros\u0142awa Horoszczaka [18], Petra Pyrteja [19], Ihora Dudu [20] a Janusza Riegera [21], ako aj gramatiky Henryka Fonta\u0144sk\u00e9ho a Miros\u0142awy Chomiak [22] a Petra Pyrteja [23].<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-2-methods\">3.2 Met\u00f3dy<\/h3>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-engine-upgrades\">Vylep\u0161enia enginu<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pre tento experiment bol engine nasaden\u00fd na LemkoTran.com vybaven\u00fd novo vybudovan\u00fdmi gener\u00e1tormi informovan\u00fdmi o slovnom druhu, gramatickom p\u00e1de a \u010d\u00edsle za \u00fa\u010delom vytv\u00e1rania gramaticky a syntakticky vhodn\u00fdch prekladov pre 1 585 slovn\u00edkov\u00fdch z\u00e1znamov, z ktor\u00fdch pribli\u017ene polovica sa nesklo\u0148uje v po\u013e\u0161tine ani v Lemko, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje jednoduch\u00fa substit\u00faciu.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-quality-assurance-tests\">Testy zabezpe\u010denia kvality<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kvalita bola zabezpe\u010den\u00e1 9 518 testami, ktor\u00e9 boli, ak to bolo mo\u017en\u00e9, kr\u00ed\u017eovo odkazovan\u00e9 na lemkovsk\u00e9 kodifik\u00e1cie, gramatiky a slovn\u00edky uveden\u00e9 vy\u0161\u0161ie pod <em>Materi\u00e1ly<\/em>. Samotn\u00e9 testy potvrdzuj\u00fa, \u017ee syst\u00e9m preklad\u00e1 dan\u00e9 v\u00fdpovede po\u017eadovan\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom. <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Popis<\/td><td>Mno\u017estvo<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kore\u0148 podstatn\u00e9ho mena<\/td><td>414<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kore\u0148 slovesa<\/td><td>296<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kore\u0148 pr\u00eddavn\u00e9ho mena<\/td><td>167<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Z\u00e1meno, osobn\u00e9<\/td><td>87<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Z\u00e1meno, in\u00e9<\/td><td>178<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u010c\u00edslovka<\/td><td>86<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ostatn\u00e9 slovn\u00edkov\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy<\/td><td>357<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Spolu<\/td><td>1,585<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Tabu\u013eka 2.<\/strong> Syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 slovn\u00e1 z\u00e1soba.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-rule-based-machine-translation-rmbt\">Strojov\u00fd preklad zalo\u017een\u00fd na pravidl\u00e1ch (RMBT)<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Textu bol dodan\u00fd lemkovsk\u00fd alebo po\u013esk\u00fd vzh\u013ead a dojem nahraden\u00edm sekvenci\u00ed znakov, a najm\u00e4 flekt\u00edvnych koncoviek.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter\"><table><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Po\u013esk\u00e1 sekvencia<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Lemkovsk\u00e1 sekvencia<\/td><td>Poz\u00edcia<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><em>owa\u0107<\/em><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><em>uwaty<\/em><\/td><td>Kone\u010dn\u00fd<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><em>iami<\/em><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><em>iamy<\/em><\/td><td>Kone\u010dn\u00fd<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><em>aj\u0105<\/em><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><em>ajut<\/em><\/td><td>Kone\u010dn\u00fd<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><em>ze<\/em><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><em>zo<\/em><\/td><td>Po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fd<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><em>pod<\/em><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><em>pid<\/em><\/td><td>Po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fd<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Tabu\u013eka 3.<\/strong> Pr\u00edklady nahraden\u00ed sekvenci\u00ed znakov.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-translation-quality-scoring\">Hodnotenie kvality prekladu<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kvalita prekladu bola meran\u00e1 pod\u013ea priemyseln\u00fdch \u0161tandardn\u00fdch metr\u00edk s pou\u017eit\u00edm predvolen\u00fdch nastaven\u00ed n\u00e1stroja SacreBLEU, ktor\u00fd vyna\u0161iel Matt Post z Amazon Research [24]. Pre \u00fa\u010dely porovnate\u013enosti bola po\u013e\u0161tina vykreslen\u00e1 v lemkovskej cyrilike rovnak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom ako v poslednom experimente [15, str. 573]. <\/p>\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-bilingual-evaluation-understudy-bleu\">Bilingv\u00e1lne hodnotenie (BLEU)<\/h5>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e1to metrika zalo\u017een\u00e1 na <em>n<\/em>-gramoch sa te\u0161\u00ed \u0161irokej popularite u\u017e desa\u0165ro\u010dia. Bola vyvinut\u00e1 v Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch v IBM T. J. Watson Research Center s podporou Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) a pod doh\u013eadom United States Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (SPAWAR) [25]. <\/p>\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-translation-edit-rate-ter\">Miera \u00faprav prekladu (TER)<\/h5>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e1to metrika odr\u00e1\u017ea po\u010det \u00faprav potrebn\u00fdch na to, aby sa v\u00fdstup s\u00e9manticky pribl\u00ed\u017eil spr\u00e1vnemu prekladu, s cie\u013eom by\u0165 tolerantnej\u0161ia k fr\u00e1zov\u00fdm posunom ako BLEU a in\u00e9 metr\u00edky zalo\u017een\u00e9 na <em>n<\/em>-gramoch. Ur\u010duje sa vydelen\u00edm v\u00fdpo\u010dtu edita\u010dnej vzdialenosti medzi hypot\u00e9zou a referenciou priemern\u00fdm po\u010dtom slov referencie. Jej v\u00fdvoj v Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch bol tie\u017e podporen\u00fd DARPA [26].  <\/p>\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-character-n-gram-f-score-chrf\">F-sk\u00f3re znakov\u00fdch n-gramov (chrF)<\/h5>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uk\u00e1zalo sa, \u017ee t\u00e1to eur\u00f3pska metrika ve\u013emi dobre koreluje s \u013eudsk\u00fdmi posudkami a dokonca prekon\u00e1va BLEU aj TER [27].<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-results-and-discussion\">4 V\u00fdsledky a diskusia<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Experiment\u00e1lny syst\u00e9m LemkoTran.com prekonal ka\u017ed\u00fa slu\u017ebu Google Translate vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch metrik\u00e1ch. Sk\u00f3re kvality prekladu BLEU z angli\u010dtiny do Lemko sa zlep\u0161ilo o 35 % v porovnan\u00ed s posledn\u00fdmi publikovan\u00fdmi v\u00fdsledkami [15], \u010d\u00edm sa dosiahli v\u00fdsledky \u0161tyrikr\u00e1t lep\u0161ie ako \u010fal\u0161ia najlep\u0161ia ponuka Google Translate, jej ukrajinsk\u00e1 slu\u017eba. Medzit\u00fdm sa kvalita prekladu z Lemko do angli\u010dtiny zlep\u0161ila o 23 % od posledn\u00fdch publikovan\u00fdch v\u00fdsledkov [16], dosahuj\u00fac sk\u00f3re BLEU o 16 % vy\u0161\u0161ie ako najlep\u0161ie dosiahnut\u00e9 Google Translate, ktor\u00e1 automaticky rozpoznala Lemko ako ukrajin\u010dinu v 76 % pr\u00edpadov, ako ru\u0161tinu v 16 % pr\u00edpadov a ako bieloru\u0161tinu v 6 % pr\u00edpadov.  <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-1-english-to-lemko-translation-quality\">4.1 Kvalita prekladu z angli\u010dtiny do Lemko<\/h3>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-scores\">Sk\u00f3re<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Engine nasaden\u00fd na LemkoTran.com prekonal Google Translate vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch metrik\u00e1ch pri preklade z angli\u010dtiny do Lemko. \u010eal\u0161\u00ed najvy\u0161\u0161ie bodovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m v experimente bol bu\u010f v\u00fdstup ukrajinskej slu\u017eby Google Translate (pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00faci metriky BLEU alebo chrF), alebo jej po\u013eskej slu\u017eby (pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00faci metriku TER). <\/p>\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-bleu\">BLEU<\/h5>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kvalita prekladu syst\u00e9mu nasaden\u00e9ho na LemkoTran.com, meran\u00e1 najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161ou metrikou BLEU, vzr\u00e1stla na 8,48, \u010do predstavuje 35 % zlep\u0161enie oproti v\u00fdsledkom naposledy publikovan\u00fdm v roku 2022 [15], a teraz \u0161tvorn\u00e1sobok najvy\u0161\u0161ieho sk\u00f3re Google Translate.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"692\" height=\"404\" src=\"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-2.png 692w, https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-2-300x175.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 692px) 100vw, 692px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Obr. 1.<\/strong> Kvalita prekladu z angli\u010dtiny do Lemko meran\u00e1 sk\u00f3re Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU), slu\u017eby neur\u00f3nov\u00e9ho strojov\u00e9ho prekladu Google Cloud (NMT) verzus LemkoTran.com. \u010c\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161ie, t\u00fdm lep\u0161ie. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-chrf\">chrF<\/h5>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Engine LemkoTran.com dosiahol najlep\u0161ie f-sk\u00f3re znakov\u00fdch <em>n<\/em>-gramov z angli\u010dtiny do Lemko (chrF 37,30), \u010do je o 37 % viac ako \u010fal\u0161ia najlep\u0161ia, ukrajinsk\u00e1 slu\u017eba Google Translate. Medzit\u00fdm rusk\u00e1 slu\u017eba Google Translate dosiahla vy\u0161\u0161ie sk\u00f3re ako jej po\u013esk\u00e9 a bielorusk\u00e9 n\u00e1protivky, ke\u010f sa merala vo\u010di lemkovsk\u00e9mu korpusu touto metrikou. <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"692\" height=\"404\" src=\"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7255\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-3.png 692w, https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-3-300x175.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 692px) 100vw, 692px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Obr. 2.<\/strong> Kvalita prekladu z angli\u010dtiny do Lemko meran\u00e1 F-sk\u00f3re znakov\u00fdch <em>n<\/em>-gramov (chrF), neur\u00f3nov\u00fd strojov\u00fd preklad Google Cloud (NMT) verzus experiment\u00e1lny syst\u00e9m LemkoTran.com. \u010c\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161ie, t\u00fdm lep\u0161ie. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ter\">TER<\/h5>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Engine LemkoTran.com dosiahol najlep\u0161iu mieru \u00faprav prekladu z angli\u010dtiny do Lemko (TER), s v\u00fdsledkom 81,33. Po\u013esk\u00e1 slu\u017eba Google Translate dosiahla druh\u00e9 najlep\u0161ie sk\u00f3re, tesne nasledovan\u00e1 ukrajinskou. <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"692\" height=\"404\" src=\"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7260\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-4.png 692w, https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-4-300x175.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 692px) 100vw, 692px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Obr. 3.<\/strong> Miera \u00faprav prekladu z angli\u010dtiny do Lemko (TER), neur\u00f3nov\u00fd strojov\u00fd preklad Google Cloud (NMT) verzus LemkoTran.com. \u010c\u00edm ni\u017e\u0161ie, t\u00fdm lep\u0161ie. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-samples\">Vzorky<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00fdstup z prekladov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov pri vstupe v angli\u010dtine je uveden\u00fd ni\u017e\u0161ie.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table alignwide\"><table><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Vstup<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"3\"><strong>Na\u0161e deti boli tie\u017e m\u00fadre. Ale kde sa mali u\u010di\u0165? <\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Popis<\/td><td>V\u00fdstup<\/td><td>Transliter\u00e1cia<\/td><td>Sk\u00f3re kvality<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Lemkovsk\u00e1 referencia<br\/>(roden\u00fd hovorca)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0456\u0436 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0434\u0440\u044b, \u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u044f \u0432\u0447\u044b\u0442\u0438?<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>V nas dity ti\u017e b\u0177ly mudr\u0177, ale de maly sja v\u010d\u0177ty?<\/strong><\/td><td>BLEU 100<br\/>chrF2 100<br\/>TER 0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Preklad do Lemko od<br\/>LemkoTran.com<\/td><td>\u041d\u0430\u0448\u044b \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0456\u0436 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0434\u0440\u044b. \u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u044f \u0432\u0447\u044b\u0442\u0438? <\/td><td>Na\u0161\u0177 dity ti\u017e b\u0177ly mudr\u0177. ale de maly sja v\u010d\u0177ty? <\/td><td>BLEU 58,34<br\/>chrF2 79,03<br\/>TER 27,27<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"3\">Google Translate (kontrola)<\/td><td>Preklad do ukrajin\u010diny<\/td><td>\u041d\u0430\u0448\u0456 \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0436 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0443\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438. \u0410\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f? <\/td><td>Na\u0161i dity te\u017e buly rozumnymy. Ale de vony maly v\u010dytysja? <\/td><td>BLEU 4,41<br\/>chrF2 25,80<br\/>TER 72,73<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Preklad do ru\u0161tiny<\/td><td>\u041d\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438. \u041d\u043e \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0438\u043c \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f? <\/td><td>Na\u0161i deti to\u017ee byli umnymi. No gde im bylo u\u010dit\u02b9sja? <\/td><td>BLEU 3,71<br\/>chrF2 16,95<br\/>TER 90,91<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Preklad do po\u013e\u0161tiny<\/td><td>\u041d\u0430\u0448\u0435 \u0434\u0437\u0454\u0446\u0456 \u0442\u0435\u0436 \u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435. \u0410\u043b\u0454 \u0491\u0434\u0437\u0454 \u043c\u0454\u043b\u0456 \u0441\u0454 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0446\u044c? <\/td><td>Na\u0161e dzjeci te\u017e byly mondre. Alje gdzje mjeli sje u\u010dyc\u02b9? <\/td><td>BLEU 3,12<br\/>chrF2 13,84<br\/>TER 100<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>Preklad do bieloru\u0161tiny<\/td><td>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u043d\u044b\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0456 \u0456 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u044b \u0434\u0437\u0435\u0446\u0456. \u0410\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0437\u0435 \u044f\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0430\u0432\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0456 \u0432\u0443\u0447\u044b\u0446\u0446\u0430? <\/td><td>Razumnyja byli i na\u0161y dzeci. Ale dze jany pavinny byli vu\u010dycca? <\/td><td>BLEU 3,09<br\/>chrF2 12,83<br\/>TER 100<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Tabu\u013eka 4.<\/strong> Porovnania prekladov\u00fdch hypot\u00e9z pre anglick\u00fd vstup.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table alignwide\"><table><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Vstup<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"3\"><strong>A v\u0161eobecne povedan\u00e9, Lemkovia v Po\u013esku nemaj\u00fa l\u00eddra, takpovediac, ktor\u00fd by nie\u010do povedal.<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Popis<\/td><td>Produkt<\/td><td>Transliter\u00e1cia<\/td><td>Sk\u00f3re kvality<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Lemkovsk\u00e1 referencia (roden\u00fd hovorca)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0410 \u0432\u043e\u0491\u0443\u043b\u0456 \u041b\u0435\u043c\u043a\u044b \u0432 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0449\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0436\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u043c, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0456\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u044b \u0448\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u043b.<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>A voguli Lemk\u0177 v Pol&#8217;\u0161\u010d\u0177 ne majut takoho, \u017ee tak povim, takoho lidera, kotryj b\u0177 \u0161tosy povil.<\/strong><\/td><td>BLEU 100<br\/>chrF2 100<br\/>TER 0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Preklad do Lemko od LemkoTran.com<\/td><td>\u0406 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u041b\u0435\u043c\u043a\u044b \u0432 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0449\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0436\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u044b \u0448\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u043b.<\/td><td>I heneral&#8217;ni Lemk\u0177 v Pol&#8217;\u0161\u010d\u0177 ne majut lydera, \u017ee tak povim, kotryj b\u0177 \u0161tosy povil.<\/td><td>BLEU 55,58<br\/>chrF2 65,32<br\/>TER 29,41<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"3\">Google Translate (kontrola)<\/td><td>Preklad do po\u013e\u0161tiny<\/td><td>\u0406 \u0491\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0454 \u041b\u0435\u043c\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0454 \u0432 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0446\u0435 \u043d\u0454 \u043c\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d \u043b\u0456\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0436\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0454\u043c, \u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u0438 \u0446\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0454\u0434\u0437\u044f\u043b.<\/td><td>I general&#8217;nje Lemkovje v Pol&#8217;sce nie majon lidera, \u017ee tak povjem, ktury by cos&#8216; povjedzjal.<\/td><td>BLEU 9,26<br\/>chrF2 29,29<br\/>TER 82,35<br\/><br\/><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Preklad do ukrajin\u010diny<\/td><td>\u0406 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0456, \u043b\u0435\u043c\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0449\u0456 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0456\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0431\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0438 \u0449\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0432.<\/td><td>I vzahali, lemky v Pol\u2019shchi ne mayut\u2019 lidera, tak by movyty, yakyj by shchos\u2019 skazav.<\/td><td>BLEU 5,15<br\/>chrF2 26,56<br\/>TER 82,35<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Preklad do ru\u0161tiny<\/td><td>\u0418 \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435, \u0443 \u043b\u0435\u043c\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0442, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u044b \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b.<\/td><td>I voob\u0161\u010de, u lemkov v Pol\u02b9\u0161e net, tak skazat\u02b9, lidera, kotoryj by \u010dto-to skazal.<\/td><td>BLEU 2,96<br\/>chrF2 25,87<br\/>TER 88,24<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>Preklad do bieloru\u0161tiny<\/td><td>\u0406 \u045e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0435 \u043b\u044d\u043c\u043a\u0456 \u045e \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0447\u044b \u043d\u044f \u043c\u0430\u044e\u0446\u044c \u043b\u0456\u0434\u044d\u0440\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0431\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0446\u044c, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0431 \u043d\u0435\u0448\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u045e.<\/td><td>I \u016dvohule l\u00e8mki \u016d Pol\u2032\u0161\u010dy nja majuc\u2032 lid\u00e8ra, tak by movic\u2032, jaki b ne\u0161ta skaza\u016d.<\/td><td>BLEU 2,72<br\/>chrF2 18,05<br\/>TER 94,12<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Tabu\u013eka 5.<\/strong> Porovnania prekladov\u00fdch hypot\u00e9z pre anglick\u00fd vstup.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-lemko-to-english-translation\">Preklad z Lemko do angli\u010dtiny<\/h3>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-scores-0\">Sk\u00f3re<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pri ka\u017edej metrike syst\u00e9m nasaden\u00fd na LemkoTran.com prekonal Google Translate, pre ktor\u00fd bol preklad akoby zo \u0161tandardnej ukrajin\u010diny v\u017edy druh\u00fd najlep\u0161\u00ed, nasledovan\u00fd automatickou detekciou zdrojov\u00e9ho jazyka, potom prekladom akoby z bieloru\u0161tiny a potom z po\u013e\u0161tiny, pri\u010dom ru\u0161tina bola v\u017edy na poslednom mieste. Google Translate rozpoznal Lemko ako ukrajin\u010dinu v 76 % pr\u00edpadov, ako ru\u0161tinu v 16 % pr\u00edpadov, ako bieloru\u0161tinu v 6 % pr\u00edpadov a ako r\u00f4zne jazyky pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00face cyriliku (napr. mongol\u010dinu) po zvy\u0161ok \u010dasu. <\/p>\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-bleu-0\">BLEU<\/h5>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">LemkoTran.com dosiahol sk\u00f3re BLEU 17,95 pri preklade do angli\u010dtiny, \u010do predstavuje 23 % zlep\u0161enie oproti posledn\u00fdm publikovan\u00fdm v\u00fdsledkom BLEU 14,57 a o 16 % viac ako sk\u00f3re BLEU 15,43 ukrajinskej slu\u017eby Google Translate.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"692\" height=\"404\" src=\"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7265\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-5.png 692w, https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-5-300x175.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 692px) 100vw, 692px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Obr. 4.<\/strong> Kvalita prekladu z Lemko do angli\u010dtiny meran\u00e1 sk\u00f3re Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU), slu\u017eby Google Cloud Neural Machine Translation (NMT) verzus experiment\u00e1lny syst\u00e9m LemkoTran.com. \u010c\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161ie, t\u00fdm lep\u0161ie. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-chrf-0\">chrF<\/h5>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Syst\u00e9m nasaden\u00fd na LemoTran.com dosiahol f-sk\u00f3re znakov\u00fdch <em>n<\/em>-gramov (chrF) 45,89 pri preklade do angli\u010dtiny, \u010do bolo o 5 % lep\u0161ie ako sk\u00f3re ukrajinskej slu\u017eby Google Translate.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"692\" height=\"404\" src=\"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-6.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7270\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-6.png 692w, https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-6-300x175.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 692px) 100vw, 692px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Obr. 5.<\/strong> Kvalita prekladu z Lemko do angli\u010dtiny meran\u00e1 sk\u00f3re F-sk\u00f3re znakov\u00fdch <em>n<\/em>-gramov (chrF), Google Cloud Neural Machine Translation (GNMT) verzus experiment\u00e1lny syst\u00e9m LemkoTran.com. \u010c\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161ie, t\u00fdm lep\u0161ie. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ter-0\">TER<\/h5>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">LemkoTran.com dosiahol mieru \u00faprav prekladu (TER) 70,38 pri preklade do angli\u010dtiny, \u010do bolo o 7 % lep\u0161ie ako sk\u00f3re ukrajinskej slu\u017eby Google Translate.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"692\" height=\"404\" src=\"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7275\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-7.png 692w, https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-7-300x175.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 692px) 100vw, 692px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Obr. 6.<\/strong> Miera \u00faprav prekladu z Lemko do angli\u010dtiny (TER), Google Cloud Neural Machine Translation (GNMT) verzus experiment\u00e1lny syst\u00e9m LemkoTran.com. \u010c\u00edm ni\u017e\u0161ie, t\u00fdm lep\u0161ie. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-samples-0\">Vzorky<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00fdstup z prekladov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov pri vstupe v angli\u010dtine je uveden\u00fd ni\u017e\u0161ie.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table alignwide\"><table><tbody><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>Popis<\/td><td>Produkt<\/td><td>Kvalita<br\/>Sk\u00f3re<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Vstupn\u00e1 transkripcia Lemko hovoren\u00e9ho roden\u00fdm hovorcom<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u042f\u043a \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0456\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0435 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u044b, \u0442\u043e \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430-\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442 \u0437 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u044b\u043c, \u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0456\u0448\u043b\u0430-\u043c \u0434\u043e \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0431\u043e \u0437\u043c\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0441\u0456\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043a\u0456\u0432.<\/strong><\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Transliter\u00e1cia<\/td><td>Jak rozdiljame jaz\u0177k\u0177, to mala-m kontakt z pol&#8217;sk\u0177m, to ne b\u0177lo tak, \u017ee pi\u0161la-m do \u0161kol\u0177 bez pol&#8217;skoho, bo zme maly susidiv Poljakiv.<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Referen\u010dn\u00fd preklad od bilingv\u00e1lneho profesion\u00e1la<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Pokia\u013e ide o rozde\u013eovanie jazykov, mala som kontakt s po\u013e\u0161tinou. Nebolo to tak, \u017ee by som i\u0161la do \u0161koly bez znalosti po\u013e\u0161tiny, preto\u017ee sme mali po\u013esk\u00fdch susedov. <\/strong><\/td><td>BLEU 100<br\/>chrF2 100<br\/>TER 0<strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Preklad z Lemko syst\u00e9mom na LemkoTran.com<\/td><td>Ke\u010f rozde\u013eujeme jazyky, mala som kontakt s po\u013e\u0161tinou, nebolo to tak, \u017ee by som i\u0161la do \u0161koly bez po\u013e\u0161tiny, preto\u017ee sme mali po\u013esk\u00fdch susedov.<\/td><td>BLEU 45,84<br\/>chrF2 69,60<br\/>TER 32,00<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"4\">Google Translate (kontrola)<\/td><td>z ukrajin\u010diny (automaticky detekovan\u00e9 s 92 % spo\u013eahlivos\u0165ou)<\/td><td>Ke\u010f rozde\u013eujeme jazyky, potom som mala kontakt s po\u013e\u0161tinou, potom to nebolo tak, a i\u0161la som do \u0161koly bez po\u013e\u0161tiny, preto\u017ee som mala Poliakov za susedov.<\/td><td>BLEU 15,87<br\/>chrF2 54,38<br\/>TER 72,00<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>z bieloru\u0161tiny<\/td><td>Ke\u010f odde\u013eujeme jazyky, potom som mala mal\u00fd kontakt s po\u013e\u0161tinou, potom to nebolo tak, ale i\u0161la som do \u0161koly bez po\u013e\u0161tiny, preto\u017ee sme mali m\u00e1lo po\u013esk\u00fdch susedov.<\/td><td>BLEU 11,76<br\/>chrF2 58,92<br\/>TER 68,00<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>z ru\u0161tiny<\/td><td>Ke\u010f \u0161\u00edrime jazyky, potom bol mal\u00fd kontakt s po\u013e\u0161tinou, potom to nebolo tak, ale i\u0161la som do \u0161koly bez po\u013e\u0161tiny, lebo hady boli sucid v Polyakiv.<\/td><td>BLEU 6,87<br\/>chrF2 42,66<br\/>TER 92,00<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>z po\u013e\u0161tiny<\/td><td>Ke\u010f \u0161\u00edrim jazyk, m\u00e1m mal\u00fd kontakt s po\u013esk\u00fdm jazykom, nebolo to tak, \u017ee by som i\u0161la do \u0161koly bez po\u013e\u0161tiny, preto\u017ee zmen\u00edm svoj mal\u00fd po\u013esk\u00fd jazyk.<\/td><td>BLEU 5,02<br\/>chrF2 45,35<br\/>TER 84,00<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Tabu\u013eka 6.<\/strong> Porovnania prekladov\u00fdch hypot\u00e9z pre vstup v Lemko.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-5-conclusion\">5 Z\u00e1ver<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Spojenie morfologicky a syntakticky informovan\u00fdch gener\u00e1torov s neur\u00f3nov\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mami m\u00f4\u017ee zlep\u0161i\u0165 kvalitu strojov\u00e9ho prekladu minim\u00e1lne o tretinu, pri\u010dom m\u00e1 aj ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00ed pr\u00ednos v tom, \u017ee umo\u017e\u0148uje in\u017einierom odstra\u0148ova\u0165 v\u00fdpo\u017ei\u010dky a p\u00f4sobi\u0165 proti in\u00fdm interferenci\u00e1m dominantn\u00e9ho jazyka, ako aj zabezpe\u010di\u0165 s\u00falad s normami, ako s\u00fa kodifik\u00e1cie men\u0161inov\u00fdch jazykov. Sklenen\u00e9 stropy kvality sk\u00f3re, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 nedokonalos\u0165ami vlastn\u00fdmi modelom umelej inteligencie, m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 tie\u017e prekonan\u00e9 prostredn\u00edctvom spo\u013eahliv\u00e9ho in\u017einierstva. Pre Lemko, ako aj pre \u010fal\u0161ie m\u00e1lo zdrojov\u00e9, p\u00f4vodn\u00e9 men\u0161inov\u00e9 jazyky, je teraz obloha limitom pre kvalitu prekladu, ako aj pre revitaliza\u010dn\u00e9 revol\u00facie, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa u\u017e na obzore.  <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-acknowledgements\">Po\u010fakovanie<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u00e1d by som po\u010fakoval Dr. Ming Qianovi z Charles River Analytics za in\u0161pir\u00e1ciu k uskuto\u010dneniu tohto experimentu, Michaelovi Decerbovi z Raytheon BBN Technologies a Dr. Jamesovi Joshuovi Penningtonovi za ich cenn\u00e9 pozn\u00e1mky, ako aj Dr. Yvesovi Scherrerovi z Helsinskej univerzity za jeho z\u00e1ujem o projekt a n\u00e1pady.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-references\">Referencie<\/h3>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bromham, L., Dinnage, R., Skirg\u00e5rd, H. 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(ed.) <em>Najnowsze dzieje j\u0119zyk\u00f3w s\u0142owia\u0144skich.<\/em> <em>Rusyn\u02b9sk\u0177j jaz\u0177k<\/em>, s. 39\u201366. 2. vyd. Uniwersytet Opolski \u2014 Instytut Filologii Polskiej, Opole (2007).    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unipo.sk\/cjknm\/hlavne-sekcie\/urjk\/vedecko-vyskumna-cinnost\/publikacie\/26405\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.unipo.sk\/cjknm\/hlavne-sekcie\/urjk\/vedecko-vyskumna-cinnost\/publikacie\/26405\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Va\u0148ko, J.: <em>Klasifikacija i holovn\u0177 znak\u0177 Karpat\u02b9sk\u0177x Rusyn\u02b9sk\u0177x dialektiv<\/em> (v rus\u00edn\u010dine). In: Magosci, P. (ed.) <em>Najnowsze dzieje j\u0119zyk\u00f3w s\u0142owia\u0144skich.<\/em> <em>Rusyn\u02b9sk\u0177j jaz\u0177k<\/em>, s. 67\u201384. 2. vyd. Uniwersytet Opolski \u2014 Instytut Filologii Polskiej, Opole (2007).    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unipo.sk\/cjknm\/hlavne-sekcie\/urjk\/vedecko-vyskumna-cinnost\/publikacie\/26405\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.unipo.sk\/cjknm\/hlavne-sekcie\/urjk\/vedecko-vyskumna-cinnost\/publikacie\/26405\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Va\u0148ko, J.: Rus\u00ednsky jazyk na Slovensku: medzi kladivom a n\u00e1kovou. In: Duch\u00eane, A. (ed.) International Journal of the Sociology of Language, vol. 2007, \u010d. 183, s. 75\u201396. Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berl\u00edn (2007). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/IJSL.2007.005\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/IJSL.2007.005<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sopolyha, M.: <em>Do pytan\u02b9 etni\u010dno\u00ef identyfikaci\u00ef ta su\u010dasnyx etni\u010dnyx procesiv ukra\u00efnciv Prja\u0161iv\u0161\u010dyny<\/em> (v ukrajin\u010dine). In: Skrypnyk, H. (ed.) <em>Ukra\u00efnci-rusyny: etnol\u02b9inhvisty\u010dni ta etnokul\u02b9turni procesy v istory\u010dnomu rozvytku<\/em>, s. 454\u2013487. National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, National Association of Ukrainian Studies, Rylsky Institute of Art Studies, Folklore and Ethnology, Kyjev (2013).   <a href=\"http:\/\/irbis-nbuv.gov.ua\/ulib\/item\/UKR0001502\" rel=\"nofollow\">http:\/\/irbis-nbuv.gov.ua\/ulib\/item\/UKR0001502<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Orynycz, P.: Say It Right: AI neur\u00f3nov\u00fd strojov\u00fd preklad posil\u0148uje nov\u00fdch hovorcov pri revitaliz\u00e1cii Lemko. In: Degen, H., Ntoa, S. (eds.) Umel\u00e1 inteligencia v HCI. HCII 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13336, s. 567\u2013580. 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Association for Computational Linguistics, Philadelphia (2002). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3115\/1073083.1073135\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3115\/1073083.1073135<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Snover, M., Dorr, B., Schwartz, R., Micciulla, L., Makhoul, J.: \u0160t\u00fadia miery \u00faprav prekladu s cielenou \u013eudskou anot\u00e1ciou. In: Zborn\u00edk pr\u00edspevkov zo 7. konferencie Asoci\u00e1cie pre strojov\u00fd preklad v Amerike: Technick\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, s. 223\u2013231. Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, Cambridge (2006). <a href=\"https:\/\/aclanthology.org\/2006.amta-papers.25\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/aclanthology.org\/2006.amta-papers.25<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Popovi\u0107, M.: chrF: F-sk\u00f3re znakov\u00fdch <em>n<\/em>-gramov pre automatick\u00e9 hodnotenie MT. In: Zborn\u00edk pr\u00edspevkov z Desiateho workshopu o \u0161tatistickom strojovom preklade, s. 392\u2013395. 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V prostrediach, kde je medzigenera\u010dn\u00fd prenos \u010dasto naru\u0161en\u00fd, syst\u00e9my neur\u00f3nov\u00e9ho strojov\u00e9ho prekladu s umelou inteligenciou maj\u00fa [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11138,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[445],"tags":[392,427,428],"class_list":["post-11135","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-studia","tag-lemko","tag-neuronovy-strojovy-preklad-nmt","tag-revitalizacia-jazyka"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>BLEU Skies: Presnos\u0165 neur\u00f3nov\u00e9ho prekladu AI Lemko prudko st\u00fapa (2023)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ako som vytvoril neur\u00f3nov\u00fd 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