{"id":11078,"date":"2022-02-14T13:32:57","date_gmt":"2022-02-14T13:32:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/uncategorized-sk\/lemko-%d0%b1%d1%8b%d1%82%d0%b8-%e2%9f%a8byty%e2%9f%a9-byt\/"},"modified":"2026-02-14T06:03:55","modified_gmt":"2026-02-14T06:03:55","slug":"lemko-%d0%b1%d1%8b%d1%82%d0%b8-%e2%9f%a8byty%e2%9f%a9-byt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/lemko\/slovna-zasoba\/lemko-%d0%b1%d1%8b%d1%82%d0%b8-%e2%9f%a8byty%e2%9f%a9-byt\/","title":{"rendered":"Lemkovsk\u00e9 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438 \u27e8b\u0177ty\u27e9 \u201eby\u0165\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>By\u0165 \u010di neby\u0165? \u0411\u044b\u0442\u0438 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438<\/em>?<em> To je ot\u00e1zka<\/em> \u2014 a teraz m\u00f4\u017ee\u0161 v lemkov\u010dine \u010dasova\u0165 infinit\u00edvy, ktor\u00e9 presl\u00e1vil \u00favodn\u00fd ver\u0161 Hamletovho monol\u00f3gu, pomocou <a href=\"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/lemko\/translator\/\">automatickej prekladovej slu\u017eby LemkoTran<\/a> alebo si vlastn\u00e9 spony vytvori\u0165 pod\u013ea tohto \u0161ikovn\u00e9ho DIY n\u00e1vodu.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Obsah<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-translations\" data-level=\"2\">Preklady<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-etymology\" data-level=\"2\">Etymol\u00f3gia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-attestation\" data-level=\"2\">Dolo\u017eenie<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-inflection\" data-level=\"2\">\u010casovanie<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-future-tense\" data-level=\"3\">Bud\u00faci \u010das<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-root-%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4-bud\" data-level=\"4\">Kore\u0148: \u0431\u0443\u0434- \u27e8bud-\u27e9<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-etymology-1\" data-level=\"4\">Etymol\u00f3gia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-conjugation-table\" data-level=\"4\">Tabu\u013eka \u010dasovania<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-present-tense\" data-level=\"3\">Pr\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-root-%D1%94-je-%D1%81-s\" data-level=\"4\">Kore\u0148: \u0454- \u27e8je-\u27e9, \u0441- \u27e8s-\u27e9<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-etymology-2\" data-level=\"4\">Etymol\u00f3gia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-conjugation-table-1\" data-level=\"4\">Tabu\u013eka \u010dasovania<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-past-tense\" data-level=\"3\">Minul\u00fd \u010das<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-root-%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB-byl\" data-level=\"4\">Kore\u0148: \u0431\u044b\u043b- \u27e8b\u0177l-\u27e9<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-etymology-3\" data-level=\"4\">Etymol\u00f3gia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#conjugation-tables\" data-level=\"4\">Tabu\u013eky \u010dasovania<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-masculine\" data-level=\"5\">Mu\u017esk\u00fd rod<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-feminine\" data-level=\"5\">\u017densk\u00fd rod<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-neuter\" data-level=\"5\">Stredn\u00fd rod<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-references\" data-level=\"2\">Referencie<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-translations\">Preklady<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lemkovsk\u00e9 sloveso <em>\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438<\/em> (vedeck\u00e1 transliter\u00e1cia: \u27e8b\u0177ty\u27e9) znamen\u00e1 po anglicky \u201eto be\u201c, po po\u013esky <em>by\u0107<\/em>, v spisovnej ukrajin\u010dine <em>\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438<\/em> \u27e8buty\u27e9 a v moskovskej ru\u0161tine <em>\u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c<\/em> \u27e8byt&#8217;\u27e9.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Angli\u010dtina<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><mark style=\"background-color:#EEEADD\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Lemko<\/mark><\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Po\u013e\u0161tina<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ukrajin\u010dina<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ru\u0161tina<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">by\u0165<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><mark style=\"background-color:#EEEADD\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0431<strong>\u044b<\/strong>\u0442\u0438<\/mark>  \u27e8b\u0177ty\u27e9<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">by\u0107<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0431<strong>\u0443<\/strong>\u0442\u0438<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption>Preklady lemkovsk\u00e9ho slovesa <em>\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438<\/em> do angli\u010dtiny, po\u013e\u0161tiny, ukrajin\u010diny a ru\u0161tiny.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-etymology\">Etymol\u00f3gia<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lemkovsk\u00fd infinit\u00edv <em>\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438<\/em> \u27e8b\u0177ty\u27e9, ktor\u00fd znamen\u00e1 \u201eby\u0165\u201c, poch\u00e1dza z praslovansk\u00e9ho atematick\u00e9ho slovesa *<em>byti<\/em> a s\u00favis\u00ed so sanskrtsk\u00fdm <em>\u092d\u0942\u0924\u093f<\/em> \u27e8bh\u016bt\u00ed\u1e63\u27e9 \u201eblahobyt\u201c (<a href=\"#vasmer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Vasmer 1953<\/a>, s. 159; <a href=\"#pokorny\">Pokorny 1959<\/a> 147), perzsk\u00fdm <em>\u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646<\/em> \u27e8b\u016bdan\u27e9 \u201eby\u0165\u201c (<a href=\"#pokorny\">Pokorny<\/a>, s. 147), latinsk\u00fdm <em>fut\u016brus<\/em> \u201ebud\u00faci\u201c (<a href=\"#vasmer\">Vasmer<\/a>, s. 159, <a href=\"#vasmer\">Pokorny<\/a>, s. 149) a cez staroanglick\u00e9 <em>b\u0113on<\/em> aj s anglick\u00fdm <em>be<\/em> (<a href=\"#pokorny\">Pokorny<\/a>, s. 149).<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-attestation\">Dolo\u017eenie<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hamletova sl\u00e1vna \u00favodn\u00e1 veta \u201eBy\u0165 \u010di neby\u0165, to je ot\u00e1zka\u201c je spomenut\u00e1 v nasleduj\u00facich publikovan\u00fdch dielach, ktor\u00e9 sa objavili:<\/p>\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0491\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0454 \u0442\u043e <mark data-noir-inline-background-color=\"\" style=\"background-color: rgb(238, 234, 221); --noir-inline-background-color: #312b18;\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438<\/mark>, \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u044b\u0442, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0456\u0432 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0456 \u043d\u0438\u0447 \u0437\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438.&#8220; (<a href=\"#lemfm\">LEM.fm 2021<\/a>)<\/p><cite><code><dt><strong>Transcription<\/strong><\/dt><dd>dl'a dakotr\u0177ch organizacyj je to <mark data-noir-inline-background-color=\"\" style=\"background-color: rgb(238, 234, 221); --noir-inline-background-color: #312b18;\" class=\"has-inline-color\">b\u0177ty abo ne b\u0177ty<\/mark>, zna\u010d\u0177t, bez t\u0177ch hro\u0161iv ne sut v syl'i ny\u010d zrealyzuvaty.<\/dd><\/code><br\/><code><dt><strong>Translation<\/strong><\/dt><dd>For some organizations, it's <mark data-noir-inline-background-color=\"\" style=\"background-color: rgb(238, 234, 221); --noir-inline-background-color: #312b18;\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><em>to be or not to be<\/em><\/mark>, meaning they will not be able to achieve anything without those funds.<\/dd><\/code><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u041e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0456\u043b \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0456\u0440\u044b \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435 \u0440\u0456\u0448\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441: \u0446\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043c \u043b\u0435\u043c\u043a\u0430\u043c <mark data-noir-inline-background-color=\"\" style=\"background-color: rgb(238, 234, 221); --noir-inline-background-color: #312b18;\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438, \u0446\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438<\/mark>?\u2026.&#8220; (<a href=\"#cyslak\">\u0426\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u043a 1964<\/a>, s. 162)<\/p><cite>\n<dl><dt><strong>Transliter\u00e1cia<\/strong><\/dt><dd><code>Ot na\u0161\u0177ch dil y na\u0161oj vir\u0177 bude ri\u0161atysia vopros: cy nam lemkam <mark style=\"background-color:#EEEADD\" class=\"has-inline-color\">b\u0177ty, cy ne b\u0177ty<\/mark>?\u2026<\/code><\/dd>\n<dt><strong>Preklad<\/strong><\/dt><dd><code>Our affairs and our faith will be decide the question of whether we Lemkos are <mark style=\"background-color:#EEEADD\" class=\"has-inline-color\">to be or not to be<\/mark>\u2026<\/code><\/dd><\/dl><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-inflection\">\u010casovanie<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-future-tense\">Bud\u00faci \u010das<\/h3>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-root-&#x431;&#x443;&#x434;-bud\">Kore\u0148: <em>\u0431\u0443\u0434<\/em>&#8211; \u27e8bud-\u27e9<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bud\u00faci \u010das lemkovsk\u00e9ho slovesa pre <em>\u201eby\u0165\u201c<\/em>, <em>\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438<\/em> \u27e8b\u0177ty\u27e9, sa tvor\u00ed pridan\u00edm osobn\u00fdch koncoviek ku kore\u0148u <em>bud-<\/em>, \u010do zodpoved\u00e1 anglick\u00e9mu <em>will<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-etymology-1\">Etymol\u00f3gia<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lemkovsk\u00e9 <em>bud-<\/em> poch\u00e1dza z praslovansk\u00e9ho kore\u0148a <em>*b\u01ebd-<\/em>. Porovnaj pr\u00edponu <em>-bund<\/em> v anglickom <em>moribund<\/em> z latinsk\u00e9ho <em>moribundus<\/em> (<a href=\"#pokorny\">Pokorny<\/a>, s. 150, <a href=\"#vasmer\">Vasmer<\/a>, s. 136). <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-conjugation-table\">Tabu\u013eka \u010dasovania<\/h4>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Angli\u010dtina<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><mark style=\"background-color:#EEEADD\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Lemko<\/mark><\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Po\u013e\u0161tina<\/th><th>Ukrajin\u010dina<\/th><th>Ru\u0161tina<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ja budem<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><mark style=\"background-color:#EEEADD\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0431<strong>\u0443<\/strong>\u0434\u0443<\/mark> <code>\u27e8b\u00fadu\u27e9<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">b<strong>\u0119<\/strong>d\u0119<\/td><td>\u0431<strong>\u0443<\/strong>\u0434\u0443<\/td><td>\u0431<strong>\u0443<\/strong>\u0434\u0443<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ty bude\u0161<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><mark style=\"background-color:#EEEADD\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0431<strong>\u0443<\/strong>\u0434\u0435\u0448<\/mark><code>\u27e8b\u00fade\u0161\u27e9<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">b<strong>\u0119<\/strong>dziesz<\/td><td>\u0431<strong>\u0443<\/strong>\u0434\u0435\u0448<\/td><td>\u0431<strong>\u0443<\/strong>\u0434\u0435\u0448\u044c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">On\/ona bude<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><mark style=\"background-color:#EEEADD\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0431<strong>\u0443<\/strong>\u0434\u0435<\/mark> <code>\u27e8b\u00fadet\u27e9<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">b<strong>\u0119<\/strong>dzie<\/td><td>\u0431<strong>\u0443<\/strong>\u0434\u0435<\/td><td>\u0431<strong>\u0443<\/strong>\u0434\u0435\u0442<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">My budeme<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><mark style=\"background-color:#EEEADD\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0431\u0443\u0434<strong>\u0435<\/strong>\u043c\u0435<\/mark> <code>\u27e8bud\u00e9me\u27e9<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">b<strong>\u0119<\/strong>dziemy<\/td><td>\u0431<strong>\u0443<\/strong>\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e<\/td><td>\u0431<strong>\u0443<\/strong>\u0434\u0435\u043c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Vy budete<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><mark style=\"background-color:#EEEADD\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0431\u0443\u0434<strong>\u0435\u0442<\/strong>\u0435<\/mark> <code>\u27e8bud\u00e9te\u27e9<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">b\u0119dzi<strong>e<\/strong>cie<\/td><td>\u0431<strong>\u0443<\/strong>\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435<\/td><td>\u0431<strong>\u0443<\/strong>\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Oni bud\u00fa<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><mark style=\"background-color:#EEEADD\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0431<strong>\u0443<\/strong>\u0434\u0443\u0442<\/mark>  <code>\u27e8b\u00fadut\u27e9<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">b<strong>\u0119<\/strong>d\u0105<\/td><td>\u0431<strong>\u0443<\/strong>\u0434\u0443\u0442\u044c<\/td><td>\u0431<strong>\u0443<\/strong>\u0434\u0443\u0442<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption>Tvary \u010dasovania bud\u00faceho \u010dasu lemkovsk\u00e9ho slovesa \u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438 \u27e8b\u0177ty\u27e9 s prekladom do angli\u010dtiny, po\u013e\u0161tiny, spisovnej ukrajin\u010diny a ru\u0161tiny.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<dl><dt>Literat\u00fara<\/dt><dd>Fonta\u0144ski &#038; Chomiak (<a href=\"#chomiak\">2000, s. 106<\/a>).<\/dd><\/dl>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-present-tense\">Pr\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das<\/h3>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-root-&#x454;-je-&#x441;-s\">Kore\u0148: <em>\u0454<\/em>&#8211; \u27e8je-\u27e9, <em>\u0441<\/em>&#8211; \u27e8s-\u27e9<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V lemkov\u010dine sa pr\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das slovesa <em>\u201eby\u0165\u201c<\/em> tvor\u00ed v jednotnom \u010d\u00edsle z kme\u0148a \u0454- \u27e8je-\u27e9 a v mno\u017enom \u010d\u00edsle z kme\u0148a \u0441- \u27e8s-\u27e9.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-etymology-2\">Etymol\u00f3gia<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u0161etky ni\u017e\u0161ie uveden\u00e9 tvary siahaj\u00fa k predkovi protoslovansk\u00e9ho kore\u0148a *<em>es-<\/em>, ku ktor\u00e9mu boli pripojen\u00e9 osobn\u00e9 koncovky. Porovnajte s anglick\u00fdm <em>is<\/em>, nemeck\u00fdm <em>ist<\/em>, latinsk\u00fdm <em>est<\/em>, starogr\u00e9ckym \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03af <code>\u27e8est\u00ed\u27e9<\/code>, perzsk\u00fdm \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>\u27e8ast\u27e9<\/code> a sanskritsk\u00fdm \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f <code>\u27e8\u00e1sti\u27e9<\/code> (<a href=\"#pokorny\">Pokorny<\/a>, s. 340-341; <a href=\"#vasmer\">Vasmer<\/a>, s. 405). <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-conjugation-table-1\">Tabu\u013eka \u010dasovania<\/h4>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Angli\u010dtina<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><mark style=\"background-color:#EEEADD\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Lemko<\/mark><\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Po\u013e\u0161tina<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Ukrajin\u010dina<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Ru\u0161tina<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ja som<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><mark style=\"background-color:#EEEADD\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0454\u043c<\/mark> <code>\u27e8jem\u27e9<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">jestem<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0454<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ty si<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><mark style=\"background-color:#EEEADD\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0454\u0441<\/mark> <code>\u27e8jes\u27e9<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">jeste\u015b<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0454<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">On\/ona je<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><mark style=\"background-color:#EEEADD\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0454\u0441\u0442<\/mark> <code>\u27e8jest\u27e9<\/code><sup>a<\/sup><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">jest<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0454<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">My sme<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><mark style=\"background-color:#EEEADD\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0441\u043c\u0435<\/mark> <code>\u27e8sme\u27e9<\/code><sup>b<\/sup><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">jeste\u015bmy<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0454<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Vy ste<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><mark style=\"background-color:#EEEADD\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0441\u0442\u0435<\/mark> <code>\u27e8ste\u27e9<\/code><sup>c<\/sup><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">jeste\u015bcie<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0454<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Oni s\u00fa<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><mark style=\"background-color:#EEEADD\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0441\u0443\u0442<\/mark> <code>\u27e8sut\u27e9<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">s\u0105<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0454<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption>Tvary \u010dasovania pr\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu lemkovsk\u00e9ho slovesa <em>\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438<\/em> \u27e8b\u0177ty\u27e9 s prekladom do angli\u010dtiny, po\u013e\u0161tiny, spisovnej ukrajin\u010diny a ru\u0161tiny.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>a<\/sup> Lemkovsk\u00fd tvar 3. osoby jednotn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla \u0454\u0441\u0442 <code>\u27e8jest\u27e9<\/code> sa dnes nahr\u00e1dza tvarom \u0454 <code>\u27e8je\u27e9<\/code>, hoci je to st\u00e1le zriedkav\u00e9 (<a href=\"#chomiak\">Fonta\u0144ski &amp; Chomiak 2000<\/a>, s. 109).<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>b<\/sup> <a href=\"#chomiak\">Fonta\u0144ski &amp; Chomiak (2000<\/a>, s. 109) uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa lemkovsk\u00fd tvar 1. osoby mno\u017en\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla ako <em>(\u0454\u0441\u043c\u0435)\u0441\u043c\u0435\/\u0437\u043c\u0435 <\/em><code>\u27e8(jesme)sme\/zme\u27e9<\/code>.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>c<\/sup> <a href=\"#chomiak\">Fonta\u0144ski &amp; Chomiak (2000<\/a>, s. 109) uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa lemkovsk\u00fd tvar 2. osoby mno\u017en\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla ako <em>(\u0454\u0441\u0442\u0435)\u0441\u0442\u0435 <\/em><code>\u27e8(jeste)ste\u27e9<\/code>.  <\/p>\n\n<dl><dt>Literat\u00fara<\/dt><dd>Fonta\u0144ski &#038; Chomiak (<a href=\"#chomiak\">2000, s. 106<\/a>).<\/dd><\/dl>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-past-tense\">Minul\u00fd \u010das<\/h3>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-root-&#x431;&#x44B;&#x43B;-byl\">Kore\u0148: <em>\u0431\u044b\u043b-<\/em> <code>\u27e8b\u0177l-\u27e9<\/code><\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Minul\u00fd \u010das slovesa \u201eby\u0165\u201c sa v lemkov\u010dine tvor\u00ed pridan\u00edm pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch rodov\u00fdch a mno\u017en\u00fdch pr\u00edpon ku kme\u0148u \u0431\u044b\u043b- <code>\u27e8b<code>\u0177<\/code>l-\u27e9<\/code>, \u010do sa do angli\u010dtiny preklad\u00e1 ako <em>was<\/em> alebo <em>were<\/em>.  <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-etymology-3\">Etymol\u00f3gia<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lemkovsk\u00e9 <em>\u0431\u044b\u043b<\/em> <code>\u27e8b<code>\u0177<\/code>l\u27e9<\/code> je bezpochyby pokra\u010dovan\u00edm praslovansk\u00e9ho v\u00fdsledkov\u00e9ho pr\u00ed\u010dastia <em>*byl\u016d.<\/em> Porovnaj so starogr\u00e9ckym \u03c6\u1fe6\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u27e8phylon\u27e9 (<a href=\"#vasmer\">Vasmer<\/a>, s. 159), odkia\u013e poch\u00e1dza aj anglick\u00e9 <em>phylum<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conjugation-tables\">Tabu\u013eky \u010dasovania<\/h4>\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-masculine\">Mu\u017esk\u00fd rod<\/h5>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nasleduj\u00face tvary pou\u017ei pri ozna\u010dovan\u00ed mu\u017eov alebo zmie\u0161an\u00fdch skup\u00edn mu\u017eov a \u017eien, ako aj pri predmetoch v gramatickom mu\u017eskom rode. Mu\u017esk\u00e1 \u017eivotnos\u0165 nie je v lemkov\u010dine gramatickou kateg\u00f3riou, na rozdiel od po\u013e\u0161tiny. <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Angli\u010dtina<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><mark style=\"background-color:#EEEADD\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Lemko<\/mark><\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Po\u013e\u0161tina<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ukrajin\u010dina<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ru\u0161tina<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ja som bola<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u044f <mark data-noir-inline-background-color=\"\" style=\"background-color: rgb(238, 234, 221); --noir-inline-background-color: #312b18;\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0431\u044b\u043b<\/mark><sup>a<\/sup><br\/><code>\u27e8ja b<code>\u0177<\/code>l\u27e9<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">by\u0142em<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0432<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ty si bola<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0442\u044b <mark data-noir-inline-background-color=\"\" style=\"background-color: rgb(238, 234, 221); --noir-inline-background-color: #312b18;\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0431\u044b\u043b<\/mark><sup>b<\/sup><br\/><code>\u27e8t\u00fd b<code>\u0177<\/code>l\u27e9<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">by\u0142e\u015b<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0432<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0442\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">On bol<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0432\u0456\u043d <mark data-noir-inline-background-color=\"\" style=\"background-color: rgb(238, 234, 221); --noir-inline-background-color: #312b18;\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0431\u044b\u043b<\/mark><br\/><code>\u27e8vin b<code>\u0177<\/code>l\u27e9<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">by\u0142<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0432\u0456\u043d \u0431\u0443\u0432<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u043e\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">My sme boli<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u043c\u044b <mark data-noir-inline-background-color=\"\" style=\"background-color: rgb(238, 234, 221); --noir-inline-background-color: #312b18;\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0431<strong>\u044b<\/strong>\u043b\u0438<\/mark><sup>c<\/sup><br\/><code>\u27e8m<code>\u0177<\/code> b\u0177ly\u27e9<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">byli\u015bmy<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u043b<strong>\u0438<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u043c\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Vy ste boli<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0432\u044b <mark data-noir-inline-background-color=\"\" style=\"background-color: rgb(238, 234, 221); --noir-inline-background-color: #312b18;\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0431<strong>\u044b<\/strong>\u043b\u0438<\/mark><sup>d<\/sup><br\/><code>\u27e8v<code>\u0177<\/code> b\u0177ly\u27e9<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">byli\u015bcie<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0432\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u043b<strong>\u0438<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0432\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Oni boli<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u043e\u043d\u0438  <mark data-noir-inline-background-color=\"\" style=\"background-color: rgb(238, 234, 221); --noir-inline-background-color: #312b18;\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0431<strong>\u044b<\/strong>\u043b\u0438<\/mark><br\/><code>\u27e8ony b\u0177ly\u27e9<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">byli<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u043b<strong>\u0438<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption>Tvary \u010dasovania minul\u00e9ho \u010dasu v mu\u017eskom rode lemkovsk\u00e9ho slovesa <em>\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438<\/em> \u27e8b\u0177ty\u27e9 s prekladom do angli\u010dtiny, po\u013e\u0161tiny, spisovnej ukrajin\u010diny a ru\u0161tiny.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>a<\/sup> <a href=\"#chomiak\">Fonta\u0144ski &amp; Chomiak (2000<\/a>, s. 109) uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa<em> \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0454\u043c <\/em><code>\u27e8b\u0177l em\u27e9<\/code> ako alternat\u00edvny tvar mu\u017esk\u00e9ho rodu prvej osoby jednotn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla minul\u00e9ho \u010dasu slovesa \u201eby\u0165\u201c.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>b<\/sup> <a href=\"#chomiak\">Fonta\u0144ski &amp; Chomiak (2000<\/a>, s. 109) uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa<em> \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0454\u0441 <\/em><code>\u27e8b\u0177l es\u27e9<\/code> ako alternat\u00edvny tvar mu\u017esk\u00e9ho rodu druhej osoby jednotn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla minul\u00e9ho \u010dasu slovesa \u201eby\u0165\u201c.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>c<\/sup> <a href=\"#chomiak\">Fonta\u0144ski &amp; Chomiak (2000<\/a>, s. 109) uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa<em> \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043c\u0435 <\/em><code>\u27e8b\u0177ly sme\u27e9<\/code> ako alternat\u00edvny tvar prvej osoby mno\u017en\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla minul\u00e9ho \u010dasu slovesa \u201eby\u0165\u201c.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>d<\/sup> <a href=\"#chomiak\">Fonta\u0144ski &amp; Chomiak (2000<\/a>, s. 109) uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa<em> \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0435 <\/em><code>\u27e8b\u0177ly ste\u27e9<\/code> ako alternat\u00edvny tvar druhej osoby mno\u017en\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla minul\u00e9ho \u010dasu slovesa \u201eby\u0165\u201c.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<dl><dt>Literat\u00fara<\/dt><dd>Fonta\u0144ski &#038; Chomiak (<a href=\"#chomiak\">2000, s. 106<\/a>).<\/dd><\/dl>\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-feminine\">\u017densk\u00fd rod<\/h5>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pou\u017eite nasleduj\u00face pre ozna\u010denie \u017eien a predmetov gramaticky \u017eensk\u00e9ho rodu.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Angli\u010dtina<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><mark style=\"background-color:#EEEADD\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Lemko<\/mark><\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Po\u013e\u0161tina<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ukrajin\u010dina<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ru\u0161tina<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ja som bola<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u044f <mark data-noir-inline-background-color=\"\" style=\"background-color: rgb(238, 234, 221); --noir-inline-background-color: #312b18;\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0431<strong>\u044b<\/strong>\u043b\u0430<\/mark><sup>a<\/sup><br\/><code>\u27e8ja b\u0177la\u27e9<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">by\u0142am<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u044f \u0431\u0443\u043b<strong>\u0430<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ty si bola<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0442\u044b <mark data-noir-inline-background-color=\"\" style=\"background-color: rgb(238, 234, 221); --noir-inline-background-color: #312b18;\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0431<strong>\u044b<\/strong>\u043b\u0430<\/mark><sup>b<\/sup><br\/><code>\u27e8t<code>\u00fd<\/code> b\u0177la\u27e9<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">by\u0142a\u015b<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u043b<strong>\u0430<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0442\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ona bola<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u043e\u043d\u0430  <mark style=\"background-color:#EEEADD\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0431<strong>\u044b<\/strong>\u043b\u0430<\/mark><br\/><code>\u27e8ona b\u0177la\u27e9<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">by\u0142a<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u043b<strong>\u0430<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u043e\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">My sme boli<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u043c\u044b <mark data-noir-inline-background-color=\"\" style=\"background-color: rgb(238, 234, 221); --noir-inline-background-color: #312b18;\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0431<strong>\u044b<\/strong>\u043b\u0438<\/mark><sup>c<\/sup><br\/><code>\u27e8m<code><code>\u0177<\/code><\/code> b\u0177ly\u27e9<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">by\u0142y\u015bmy<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u043b<strong>\u0438<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u043c\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Vy ste boli<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0432\u044b <mark data-noir-inline-background-color=\"\" style=\"background-color: rgb(238, 234, 221); --noir-inline-background-color: #312b18;\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0431<strong>\u044b<\/strong>\u043b\u0438<\/mark><sup>d<\/sup><br\/><code>\u27e8w<code><code>\u0177<\/code><\/code> b\u0177ly\u27e9<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">by\u0142y\u015bcie<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0432\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u043b<strong>\u0438<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0432\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ony boli<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u043e\u043d\u0438  <mark data-noir-inline-background-color=\"\" style=\"background-color: rgb(238, 234, 221); --noir-inline-background-color: #312b18;\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0431<strong>\u044b<\/strong>\u043b\u0438<\/mark><br\/><code>\u27e8ony b\u0177ly\u27e9<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">by\u0142y<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u043b<strong>\u0438<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption>Tvary \u010dasovania minul\u00e9ho \u010dasu v \u017eenskom rode lemkovsk\u00e9ho slovesa <em>\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438<\/em> \u27e8b\u0177ty\u27e9 s prekladom do angli\u010dtiny, po\u013e\u0161tiny, spisovnej ukrajin\u010diny a ru\u0161tiny.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>a<\/sup> <a href=\"#chomiak\">Fonta\u0144ski &amp; Chomiak (2000<\/a>, s. 109) uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa<em> \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0454\u043c <\/em><code>\u27e8b\u0177la em\u27e9<\/code> a <em>\u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430\u043c <\/em><code>\u27e8b\u0177lam\u27e9<\/code> ako alternat\u00edvne tvary \u017eensk\u00e9ho rodu prvej osoby jednotn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla minul\u00e9ho \u010dasu slovesa \u201eby\u0165\u201c.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>b<\/sup> <a href=\"#chomiak\">Fonta\u0144ski &amp; Chomiak (2000<\/a>, s. 109) uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa<em> \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0454\u0441 <\/em><code>\u27e8b\u0177la es\u27e9<\/code> a <em>\u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0441 <\/em><code>\u27e8b\u0177las\u27e9<\/code> ako alternat\u00edvne tvary \u017eensk\u00e9ho rodu druhej osoby jednotn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla minul\u00e9ho \u010dasu slovesa \u201eby\u0165\u201c.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>c<\/sup> <a href=\"#chomiak\">Fonta\u0144ski &amp; Chomiak (2000<\/a>, s. 109) uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa<em> \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043c\u0435 <\/em><code>\u27e8b\u0177ly sme\u27e9<\/code> ako alternat\u00edvny tvar prvej osoby mno\u017en\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla minul\u00e9ho \u010dasu slovesa \u201eby\u0165\u201c.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>d<\/sup> <a href=\"#chomiak\">Fonta\u0144ski &amp; Chomiak (2000<\/a>, s. 109) uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa<em> \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0435 <\/em><code>\u27e8b\u0177ly ste\u27e9<\/code> ako alternat\u00edvny tvar druhej osoby mno\u017en\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla minul\u00e9ho \u010dasu slovesa \u201eby\u0165\u201c.<\/p>\n\n<dl><dt>Literat\u00fara<\/dt><dd>Fonta\u0144ski &#038; Chomiak (<a href=\"#chomiak\">2000, s. 106<\/a>).<\/dd><\/dl>\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-neuter\">Stredn\u00fd rod<\/h5>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pou\u017eite nasleduj\u00face pre ozna\u010denie predmetov gramaticky stredn\u00e9ho rodu.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Angli\u010dtina<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><mark style=\"background-color:#EEEADD\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Lemko<\/mark><\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Po\u013e\u0161tina<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ukrajin\u010dina<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ru\u0161tina<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Ono bolo<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u043e\u043d\u043e  <mark data-noir-inline-background-color=\"\" style=\"background-color: rgb(238, 234, 221); --noir-inline-background-color: #312b18;\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0431<strong>\u044b<\/strong>\u043b\u043e<\/mark><br\/><code>\u27e8ono b\u0177lo\u27e9<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">by\u0142o<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0432\u043e\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0443\u043b<strong>\u043e<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u043e\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Oni boli<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u043e\u043d\u0438  <mark data-noir-inline-background-color=\"\" style=\"background-color: rgb(238, 234, 221); --noir-inline-background-color: #312b18;\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0431<strong>\u044b<\/strong>\u043b\u0438<\/mark><br\/><code>\u27e8ony b\u0177ly\u27e9<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">by\u0142y<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u043b<strong>\u0438<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption>Tvary \u010dasovania minul\u00e9ho \u010dasu v strednom rode lemkovsk\u00e9ho slovesa <em>\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438<\/em> \u27e8b\u0177ty\u27e9 s prekladom do angli\u010dtiny, po\u013e\u0161tiny, spisovnej ukrajin\u010diny a ru\u0161tiny.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<dl><dt>Literat\u00fara<\/dt><dd>Fonta\u0144ski &#038; Chomiak (<a href=\"#chomiak\">2000, s. 106<\/a>).<\/dd><\/dl>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-references\">Referencie<\/h2>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Fonta\u0144ski, H., Chomiak, M. (2000). <a href=\"http:\/\/lemko.org\/books\/indeks.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">\u0490\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u043c\u043a\u0456\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430<\/a> [Gramatika lemkovsk\u00e9ho jazyka]. Sliezsko.<\/li><li id=\"vasmer\">Vasmer, M. (1953).<a href=\"https:\/\/www.winter-verlag.de\/en\/detail\/978-3-8253-0665-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\"> Russisches Etymologisches W\u00f6rterbuch, Erster Band: A \u2013 K<\/a> [Rusk\u00fd etymologick\u00fd slovn\u00edk, 1. zv\u00e4zok: A \u2013 K]. Carl Winter Universit\u00e4tsverlag.<\/li><li>Pokorny, J. (1959). <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indogermanisches_etymologisches_W%C3%B6rterbuch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Indogermanisches etymologisches W\u00f6rterbuch<\/a>, I. Band [Indoeur\u00f3psky etymologick\u00fd slovn\u00edk, 1. zv\u00e4zok]. Vydavate\u013estvo A. Francke AG Verlag.<\/li><li>\u0426\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u043a, \u0410. (1964). <a href=\"http:\/\/carpatho-russian-almanacs.org\/LEMKO\/LEMKO1964\/Beskids64.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">\u041d\u0430\u0448\u044b \u0420\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b \u0411\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0434\u044b<\/a> [Na\u0161e rodn\u00e9 Beskydy]. In: \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u041a\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044c \u041b\u0435\u043c\u043a\u043e-\u0421\u043e\u044e\u0437\u0430 \u041d\u0430 \u0413\u043e\u0434 1964. \u0422\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f \u041b\u0435\u043c\u043a\u043e-\u0421\u043e\u044e\u0437\u0430.   <\/li><li>Lem.fm (2021). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lem.fm\/khto-robit-a-khto-spit\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">\u0425\u0442\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442, \u0430 \u0445\u0442\u043e\u2026 \u043d\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0456, \u0448\u0442\u043e?<\/a> [Ten, kto rob\u00ed, a ten, kto&#8230; No, \u010do?], <code>www.Lem.fm<\/code>.<\/li><\/ol>\n<div class=\"yoast-breadcrumbs\"><span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/\">Domov<\/a><\/span> \u00bb <span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/moc\/lemko\/\">Lemkovsk\u00fd jazyk<\/a><\/span> \u00bb <span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/moc\/lemko\/slovna-zasoba\/\">Lemkovsk\u00e1 slovn\u00e1 z\u00e1soba<\/a><\/span> \u00bb <span class=\"breadcrumb_last\" aria-current=\"page\">Lemkovsk\u00e9 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438 \u27e8b\u0177ty\u27e9 \u201eby\u0165\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By\u0165 \u010di neby\u0165? \u0411\u044b\u0442\u0438 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438? To je ot\u00e1zka \u2014 a teraz m\u00f4\u017ee\u0161 v lemkov\u010dine \u010dasova\u0165 infinit\u00edvy, ktor\u00e9 presl\u00e1vil \u00favodn\u00fd ver\u0161 Hamletovho monol\u00f3gu, pomocou automatickej prekladovej slu\u017eby LemkoTran alebo si vlastn\u00e9 spony vytvori\u0165 pod\u013ea tohto \u0161ikovn\u00e9ho DIY n\u00e1vodu. Preklady Lemkovsk\u00e9 sloveso \u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438 (vedeck\u00e1 transliter\u00e1cia: \u27e8b\u0177ty\u27e9) znamen\u00e1 po anglicky \u201eto be\u201c, po po\u013esky by\u0107, v [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11081,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[400],"tags":[432],"class_list":["post-11078","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-slovna-zasoba","tag-sloveso"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Lemkovsk\u00e9 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438 \u27e8b\u0177ty\u27e9 \u201eby\u0165\u201c<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/lemko\/slovna-zasoba\/lemko-%d0%b1%d1%8b%d1%82%d0%b8-%e2%9f%a8byty%e2%9f%a9-byt\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lemkovsk\u00e9 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438 \u27e8b\u0177ty\u27e9 \u201eby\u0165\u201c\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"b\u0177ty: v\u00fdznam, etymol\u00f3gia a \u010dasovanie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/lemko\/slovna-zasoba\/lemko-%d0%b1%d1%8b%d1%82%d0%b8-%e2%9f%a8byty%e2%9f%a9-byt\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Petro Orynycz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/orynycz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/orynycz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-02-14T13:32:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-14T06:03:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/facebook.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"628\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"By\u0165 \u010di neby\u0165? \u0411\u044b\u0442\u0438 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438? To je ot\u00e1zka \u2014 a teraz to vie\u0161 poveda\u0165 po lemkovsky cez LemkoTran.com alebo s t\u00fdmto gramatick\u00fdm sprievodcom.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@OrynyczP\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Autor\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Predpokladan\u00fd \u010das \u010d\u00edtania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 min\u00fat\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" 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