{"id":11071,"date":"2022-03-04T11:30:40","date_gmt":"2022-03-04T11:30:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/uncategorized-sk\/lemko-ukazovacie-zamena\/"},"modified":"2026-02-14T06:04:16","modified_gmt":"2026-02-14T06:04:16","slug":"lemko-ukazovacie-zamena","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/lemko\/gramatika\/lemko-ukazovacie-zamena\/","title":{"rendered":"Lemkovsk\u00e9 ukazovacie z\u00e1men\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ni\u017e\u0161ie n\u00e1jde\u0161 preklad, etymol\u00f3giu, \u00fapln\u00e9 tabu\u013eky sklo\u0148ovania a referencie pre lemkovsk\u00e9 ukazovacie z\u00e1men\u00e1 <em>\u0442\u043e\u0442<\/em> \u27e8<code>tot<\/code>\u27e9 vo v\u00fdzname \u201etento\u201c alebo \u201et\u00edto\u201c a <em>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0442\u043e\u0442<\/em> \u27e8<code>tamtot<\/code>\u27e9 vo v\u00fdzname \u201etamten\u201c alebo \u201etamt\u00ed\u201c.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Obsah<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-translation\" data-level=\"2\">Preklad<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-etymology\" data-level=\"2\">Etymol\u00f3gia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-nearby-this-and-these\" data-level=\"2\">Bl\u00edzke (\u201etento\u201c a \u201etieto\u201c)<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-singular-this\" data-level=\"3\">Jednotn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo (\u201eTento\u201c)<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-masculine\" data-level=\"4\">Mu\u017esk\u00fd rod<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-feminine\" data-level=\"4\">\u017densk\u00fd rod<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-neuter\" data-level=\"4\">Stredn\u00fd rod<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-plural-these\" data-level=\"3\">Mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo (\u201eTieto\u201c)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-distant-that-those\" data-level=\"2\">Vzdialen\u00e9 (\u201etamten\u201c, \u201etamtie\u201c)<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-singular-that\" data-level=\"3\">Jednotn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo (\u201eTamten\u201c)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-plural-those\" data-level=\"3\">Mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo (\u201eTamtie\u201c)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-references\" data-level=\"2\">Referencie<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-translation\">Preklad<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lemkovsk\u00e9 ukazovacie z\u00e1meno v slovn\u00edkovom tvare (mu\u017esk\u00fd rod, jednotn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo) <em>\u0442\u043e\u0442<\/em> \u27e8<code>tot<\/code>\u27e9 sa do sloven\u010diny preklad\u00e1 ako \u201etento\u201c v jednotnom \u010d\u00edsle a \u201et\u00edto\u201c v mno\u017enom \u010d\u00edsle. S predponou <em>\u0442\u0430\u043c<\/em> \u27e8<code>tam<\/code>\u27e9 (napr\u00edklad <em>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0442\u043e\u0442<\/em> \u27e8<code>tamtot<\/code>\u27e9) sa preklad\u00e1 ako \u201etamten\u201c v jednotnom \u010d\u00edsle a \u201etamt\u00ed\u201c v mno\u017enom \u010d\u00edsle. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-etymology\">Etymol\u00f3gia<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lemkovsk\u00e9 ukazovacie z\u00e1meno v slovn\u00edkovom tvare (mu\u017esk\u00fd rod, jednotn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo) <em>\u0442\u043e\u0442<\/em> \u27e8<code>tot<\/code>\u27e9 poch\u00e1dza z rekon\u0161truovan\u00e9ho praslovansk\u00e9ho *<em>t\u016d<\/em>. V \u0161ir\u0161om kontexte s\u00favis\u00ed s anglick\u00fdm slovom <em>that<\/em> a sanskritsk\u00fdm <em>\u0924\u0924\u094d<\/em> \u27e8<code>tat<\/code>\u27e9 (<a href=\"#vasmer\">Vasmer, 1958<\/a>, s. 128), ktor\u00e9 sa preklad\u00e1 ako \u201eto\u201c a objavuje sa v sl\u00e1vnom ver\u0161i <em>\u0924\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092e\u0938\u093f<\/em> \u27e8<code>tat tvam asi<\/code>\u27e9 s v\u00fdznamom \u201eTo si ty\u201c. <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/tot-1024x735.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2316\" width=\"610\" height=\"437\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/tot-1024x735.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/tot-300x215.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/tot-768x552.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/tot.jpg 1107w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px\" \/><figcaption>Z\u00e1znam pre moskovsk\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 ukazovacie z\u00e1meno <em>\u0442\u043e\u0442<\/em> \u27e8<code>tot<\/code>\u27e9 vo Vasmerovom diele <em>Russisches Etymologisches W\u00f6rterbuch, Dritter Band: Sta\u2013\u0178<\/em> (<a href=\"#vasmer\">1958<\/a>, s. 128). <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-nearby-this-and-these\">Bl\u00edzke (\u201etento\u201c a \u201etieto\u201c)<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-singular-this\">Jednotn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo (\u201eTento\u201c)<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u0161etky nasleduj\u00face tvary s\u00fa prelo\u017eite\u013en\u00e9 do angli\u010dtiny ako \u201ethis\u201c.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-masculine\">Mu\u017esk\u00fd rod<\/h4>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>P\u00e1d<\/th><th>Lemko<\/th><th>Po\u013e\u0161tina<\/th><th>Ukrajin\u010dina<\/th><th>Ru\u0161tina<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Nominat\u00edv<\/td><td>\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u27e8<code>tot<\/code>\u27e9<sup>a<\/sup><\/td><td>ten<\/td><td>\u0446\u0435\u0439<\/td><td>\u044d\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0442<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Genit\u00edv<\/td><td>\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0433\u043e \u27e8<code>t\u00f3ho<\/code>\u27e9<\/td><td>tego<\/td><td>\u0446\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0301<\/td><td>\u044d\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dat\u00edv<\/td><td>\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043c\u0443 \u27e8<code>t\u00f3mu<\/code>\u27e9<\/td><td>temu<\/td><td>\u0446\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0443\u0301<\/td><td>\u044d\u0301\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Akuzat\u00edv (ne\u017eivotn\u00e9)<\/td><td>\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u27e8<code>tot<\/code>\u27e9<sup>a<\/sup><br\/><\/td><td>ten<\/td><td>\u0446\u0435\u0439<\/td><td>\u044d\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0442<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Akuzat\u00edv<br\/>(\u017eivotn\u00e9)<\/td><td>\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0433\u043e \u27e8<code>t\u00f3ho<\/code>\u27e9<\/td><td>tego<\/td><td>\u0446\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0301<\/td><td>\u044d\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>In\u0161trument\u00e1l<\/td><td>\u0442\u044b\u043c \u27e8<code>t\u0177m<\/code>\u27e9<sup>b<\/sup><\/td><td>tym<\/td><td>\u0446\u0438\u043c<\/td><td>\u044d\u0301\u0442\u0438\u043c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Lok\u00e1l<\/td><td>\u0442\u044b\u043c \u27e8<code>t\u0177m<\/code>\u27e9<sup>c<\/sup><\/td><td>tym<\/td><td>\u0446\u044c\u043e\u0301\u043c\u0443, \u0446\u0456\u043c<\/td><td>\u044d\u0301\u0442\u043e\u043c<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>a<\/sup> Pyrtej (<a href=\"#pyrtej\">2013<\/a>) uv\u00e1dza <em>\u0442\u043e\u0439<\/em> <code>\u27e8toj\u27e9<\/code> ako alternat\u00edvny tvar lemkovsk\u00e9ho ukazovacieho z\u00e1mena v nominat\u00edve mu\u017esk\u00e9ho rodu (ako aj v akuzat\u00edve ne\u017eivotn\u00fdch podstatn\u00fdch mien) v jednotnom \u010d\u00edsle (s. 107). Tento tvar u autorov Fonta\u0144ski &amp; Chomiak (<a href=\"#chomiak\">2000, s. 97<\/a>) ch\u00fdba.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>b<\/sup> Pyrtej (<a href=\"#pyrtej\">2013<\/a>) uv\u00e1dza <em>\u0442\u0438\u043c<\/em> <code>\u27e8tym\u27e9<\/code> ako lemkovsk\u00fd tvar in\u0161trument\u00e1lu mu\u017esk\u00e9ho rodu v jednotnom \u010d\u00edsle (s. 107), na rozdiel od tvaru <em>\u0442\u044b\u043c<\/em> \u27e8<code>t\u0177m<\/code>\u27e9, ktor\u00fd uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa Fonta\u0144ski &amp; Chomiak (<a href=\"#chomiak\">2000, s. 97<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>c<\/sup> Pyrtej (<a href=\"#pyrtej\">2013<\/a>) uv\u00e1dza <em>\u0442\u0456\u043c<\/em> <code>\u27e8tim\u27e9<\/code> ako lemkovsk\u00fd tvar lok\u00e1lu mu\u017esk\u00e9ho rodu v jednotnom \u010d\u00edsle (s. 107), na rozdiel od tvaru <em>\u0442\u044b\u043c<\/em> \u27e8<code>t\u0177m<\/code>\u27e9, ktor\u00fd uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa Fonta\u0144ski &amp; Chomiak (<a href=\"#chomiak\">2000, s. 97<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-feminine\">\u017densk\u00fd rod<\/h4>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>P\u00e1d<\/th><th>Lemko<\/th><th>Po\u013e\u0161tina<\/th><th>Ukrajin\u010dina<\/th><th>Ru\u0161tina<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Nominat\u00edv<\/td><td>\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0442\u0430 <code>\u27e8t\u00f3ta\u27e9<\/code><sup>a<\/sup><\/td><td>ta<\/td><td>\u0446\u044f<\/td><td>\u044d\u0301\u0442\u0430<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Genit\u00edv<\/td><td>\u0442\u043e\u0439  <code>\u27e8toj\u27e9<\/code><\/td><td>tej<\/td><td>\u0446\u0456\u0454\u0301\u0457<\/td><td>\u044d\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0439<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dat\u00edv<\/td><td>\u0442\u0456\u0439  <code>\u27e8tij\u27e9<\/code><\/td><td>tej<\/td><td>\u0446\u0456\u0439<\/td><td>\u044d\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0439<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Akuzat\u00edv<\/td><td>\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0442\u0443 <code>\u27e8t\u00f3tu\u27e9<\/code><sup>b<\/sup><\/td><td>t\u0119<\/td><td>\u0446\u044e<\/td><td>\u044d\u0301\u0442\u0443<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>In\u0161trument\u00e1l<\/td><td>\u0442\u043e\u043c  <code>\u27e8tom\u27e9<\/code><\/td><td>t\u0105<\/td><td>\u0446\u0456\u0454\u0301\u044e<\/td><td>\u044d\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0439, \u044d\u0301\u0442\u043e\u044e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Lok\u00e1l<\/td><td>\u0442\u0456\u0439  <code>\u27e8tij\u27e9<\/code><\/td><td>tej<\/td><td>\u0446\u0456\u0439<\/td><td>\u044d\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0439<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>a<\/sup> Pyrtej (<a href=\"#pyrtej\">2013<\/a>) uv\u00e1dza <em>\u0442\u0430<\/em> <code>\u27e8ta\u27e9<\/code> a <em>\u0442\u0430\u0301\u044f<\/em> <code>\u27e8t\u00e1ja\u27e9<\/code> ako alternat\u00edvne tvary lemkovsk\u00e9ho ukazovacieho z\u00e1mena v nominat\u00edve \u017eensk\u00e9ho rodu jednotn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla (s. 107). Tieto tvary u autorov Fonta\u0144ski &amp; Chomiak (<a href=\"#chomiak\">2000, s. 97<\/a>) ch\u00fdbaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>b<\/sup> Pyrtej (<a href=\"#pyrtej\">2013<\/a>) uv\u00e1dza <em>\u0442\u0443<\/em> <code>\u27e8tu\u27e9<\/code> a <em>\u0442\u0443\u0301\u044e<\/em> <code>\u27e8t\u00faju\u27e9<\/code> ako alternat\u00edvne tvary lemkovsk\u00e9ho ukazovacieho z\u00e1mena v akuzat\u00edve \u017eensk\u00e9ho rodu jednotn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla (s. 107). Tieto tvary u autorov Fonta\u0144ski &amp; Chomiak (<a href=\"#chomiak\">2000, s. 97<\/a>) ch\u00fdbaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-neuter\">Stredn\u00fd rod<\/h4>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>P\u00e1d<\/th><th>Lemko<\/th><th>Po\u013e\u0161tina<\/th><th>Ukrajin\u010dina<\/th><th>Ru\u0161tina<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Nominat\u00edv<\/td><td>\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0442\u043e <code>\u27e8t\u00f3to\u27e9<\/code><sup>a<\/sup><\/td><td>to<\/td><td>\u0446\u0435<\/td><td>\u044d\u0301\u0442\u043e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Genit\u00edv<\/td><td>\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0433\u043e  <code>\u27e8t\u00f3ho\u27e9<\/code><\/td><td>tego<\/td><td>\u0446\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0301<\/td><td>\u044d\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dat\u00edv<\/td><td>\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043c\u0443  <code>\u27e8t\u00f3mu\u27e9<\/code><\/td><td>temu<\/td><td>\u0446\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0443\u0301<\/td><td>\u044d\u0301\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Akuzat\u00edv<\/td><td>\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0442\u043e \u27e8t\u00f3to\u27e9<br\/><\/td><td>to<\/td><td>\u0446\u0435\u0439<\/td><td>\u044d\u0301\u0442\u043e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>In\u0161trument\u00e1l<\/td><td>\u0442\u044b\u043c <code>\u27e8t\u0177m\u27e9<\/code><sup>b<\/sup><\/td><td>tym<\/td><td>\u0446\u0438\u043c<\/td><td>\u044d\u0301\u0442\u0438\u043c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Lok\u00e1l<\/td><td>\u0442\u044b\u043c <code>\u27e8t\u0177m\u27e9<\/code><sup>c<\/sup><\/td><td>tym<\/td><td>\u0446\u044c\u043e\u0301\u043c\u0443, \u0446\u0456\u043c<\/td><td>\u044d\u0301\u0442\u043e\u043c<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>a<\/sup> Pyrtej (<a href=\"#pyrtej\">2013<\/a>) uv\u00e1dza <em>\u0442\u043e<\/em> <code>\u27e8to\u27e9<\/code> a <em>\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0454<\/em> <code>\u27e8t\u00f3je\u27e9<\/code> ako alternat\u00edvne tvary lemkovsk\u00e9ho ukazovacieho z\u00e1mena v nominat\u00edve stredn\u00e9ho rodu jednotn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla (s. 107). Tieto tvary u autorov Fonta\u0144ski &amp; Chomiak (<a href=\"#chomiak\">2000, s. 97<\/a>) ch\u00fdbaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>b<\/sup> Pyrtej (<a href=\"#pyrtej\">2013<\/a>) uv\u00e1dza <em>\u0442\u0438\u043c<\/em> <code>\u27e8tym\u27e9<\/code> ako lemkovsk\u00fd tvar in\u0161trument\u00e1lu stredn\u00e9ho rodu v jednotnom \u010d\u00edsle (s. 107), na rozdiel od tvaru <em>\u0442\u044b\u043c<\/em> \u27e8<code>t\u0177m<\/code>\u27e9, ktor\u00fd uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa Fonta\u0144ski &amp; Chomiak (<a href=\"#chomiak\">2000, s. 97<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>c<\/sup> Pyrtej (<a href=\"#pyrtej\">2013<\/a>) uv\u00e1dza <em>\u0442\u0456\u043c<\/em> <code>\u27e8tim\u27e9<\/code> ako lemkovsk\u00fd tvar lok\u00e1lu stredn\u00e9ho rodu v jednotnom \u010d\u00edsle (s. 107), na rozdiel od tvaru <em>\u0442\u044b\u043c<\/em> \u27e8<code>t\u0177m<\/code>\u27e9, ktor\u00fd uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa Fonta\u0144ski &amp; Chomiak (<a href=\"#chomiak\">2000, s. 97<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n<dl><dt>Referencie<\/dt>\n<dd>Fonta\u0144ski &#038; Chomiak (<a href=\"#chomiak\">2000, s. 97<\/a>).<\/dd>\n<dd>Pyrtej (<a href=\"#pyrtej\">2013, s. 107<\/a>).<\/dd><\/dl>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-plural-these\">Mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo (\u201eTieto\u201c)<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nasleduj\u00face formy sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa bez oh\u013eadu na gramatick\u00fd rod a s\u00fa prelo\u017eite\u013en\u00e9 do angli\u010dtiny ako \u201ethese\u201c.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>P\u00e1d<\/th><th>Lemko<\/th><th>Po\u013e\u0161tina<\/th><th>Ukrajin\u010dina<\/th><th>Ru\u0161tina<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Nominat\u00edv<\/td><td>\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0442\u044b \u27e8<code>t\u00f3t\u0177<\/code>\u27e9<\/td><td>te\/ci<\/td><td>\u0446\u0456<\/td><td>\u044d\u0301\u0442\u0438<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Genit\u00edv<\/td><td>\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u27e8t\u0177ch\u27e9<\/td><td>tych<\/td><td>\u0446\u0438\u0445<\/td><td>\u044d\u0301\u0442\u0438\u0445<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dat\u00edv<\/td><td>\u0442\u044b\u043c \u27e8t\u0177m\u27e9<\/td><td>tym<\/td><td>\u0446\u0438\u043c<\/td><td>\u044d\u0301\u0442\u0438\u043c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Akuzat\u00edv (ne\u017eivotn\u00e9)<\/td><td>\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0442\u044b \u27e8<code>t\u00f3t\u0177<\/code>\u27e9<\/td><td>te<\/td><td>\u0446\u0456<\/td><td>\u044d\u0301\u0442\u0438<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Akuzat\u00edv (\u017eivotn\u00e9)<\/td><td>\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u27e8<code>t\u0177ch<\/code>\u27e9<br\/><\/td><td>tych<\/td><td>\u0446\u0438\u0445<\/td><td>\u044d\u0301\u0442\u0438\u0445<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>In\u0161trument\u00e1l<\/td><td>\u0442\u044b\u0301\u043c\u0430 \u27e8t\u0177ma\u27e9<\/td><td>tymi<\/td><td>\u0446\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438<\/td><td>\u044d\u0301\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Lok\u00e1l<\/td><td>\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u27e8t\u0177ch\u27e9<\/td><td>tych<\/td><td>\u0446\u0438\u0445<\/td><td>\u044d\u0301\u0442\u0438\u0445<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-distant-that-those\">Vzdialen\u00e9 (\u201etamten\u201c, \u201etamtie\u201c)<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ak chce\u0161 vyjadri\u0165 vzdialenos\u0165 od hovoriaceho, jednoducho pridaj ku v\u0161etk\u00fdm vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00fdm z\u00e1men\u00e1m lemkovsk\u00fa predponu \u0442\u0430\u043c \u27e8tam\u27e9. V sloven\u010dine to zodpoved\u00e1 pou\u017eitiu \u201etamten\u201c namiesto \u201etento\u201c alebo \u201etamto\u201c namiesto \u201etoto\u201c. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-singular-that\">Jednotn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo (\u201eTamten\u201c)<\/h3>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>P\u00e1d<\/th><th>Mu\u017esk\u00fd rod<\/th><th>\u017densk\u00fd rod<\/th><th>Stredn\u00fd rod<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Nominat\u00edv<\/td><td>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u27e8<code>tamtot<\/code>\u27e9<sup>a<\/sup><\/td><td>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0442\u0430 <code>\u27e8tamt\u00f3ta\u27e9<\/code><sup>d<\/sup><\/td><td>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0442\u043e <code>\u27e8tamt\u00f3to\u27e9<\/code><sup>x<\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Genit\u00edv<\/td><td>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0433\u043e \u27e8<code>tamt\u00f3ho<\/code>\u27e9<\/td><td>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0442\u043e\u0439  <code>\u27e8tamtoj\u27e9<\/code><\/td><td>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0433\u043e  <code>\u27e8tamt\u00f3ho\u27e9<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dat\u00edv<\/td><td>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043c\u0443 \u27e8<code>tamt\u00f3mu<\/code>\u27e9<\/td><td>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0442\u0456\u0439  <code>\u27e8tamtij\u27e9<\/code><\/td><td>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043c\u0443  <code>\u27e8tamt\u00f3mu\u27e9<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Akuzat\u00edv (ne\u017eivotn\u00e9)<\/td><td>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u27e8<code>tamtot<\/code>\u27e9<sup>a<\/sup><br\/><\/td><td>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0442\u0443 <code>\u27e8tamt\u00f3tu\u27e9<\/code><sup>e<\/sup><\/td><td>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0442\u043e \u27e8<code>tamt\u00f3to<\/code>\u27e9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Akuzat\u00edv<br\/>(\u017eivotn\u00e9)<\/td><td>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0433\u043e \u27e8<code>tamt\u00f3ho<\/code>\u27e9<\/td><td>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0442\u0443 <code>\u27e8tamt\u00f3tu\u27e9<\/code><sup>e<\/sup><\/td><td>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0442\u043e \u27e8<code>tamt\u00f3to<\/code>\u27e9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>In\u0161trument\u00e1l<\/td><td>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0442\u044b\u043c \u27e8<code>tamt\u0177m<\/code>\u27e9<sup>b<\/sup><\/td><td>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0442\u043e\u043c  <code>\u27e8tamtom\u27e9<\/code><\/td><td>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0442\u044b\u043c <code>\u27e8tamt\u0177m\u27e9<\/code><sup>b<\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Lok\u00e1l<\/td><td>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0442\u044b\u043c \u27e8<code>t\u0177m<\/code>\u27e9<sup>c<\/sup><\/td><td>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0442\u0456\u0439  <code>\u27e8tamtij\u27e9<\/code><\/td><td>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0442\u044b\u043c \u27e8<code>tamt\u0177m<\/code>\u27e9<sup>c<\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>a<\/sup> Pyrtej (<a href=\"#pyrtej\">2013<\/a>) uv\u00e1dza <em>\u0442\u043e\u0439<\/em> <code>\u27e8toj\u27e9<\/code> ako alternat\u00edvny tvar lemkovsk\u00e9ho ukazovacieho z\u00e1mena v nominat\u00edve mu\u017esk\u00e9ho rodu (ako aj v akuzat\u00edve ne\u017eivotn\u00fdch podstatn\u00fdch mien) v jednotnom \u010d\u00edsle (s. 107). Tento tvar u autorov Fonta\u0144ski &amp; Chomiak (<a href=\"#chomiak\">2000, s. 97<\/a>) ch\u00fdba.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>b<\/sup> Pyrtej (<a href=\"#pyrtej\">2013<\/a>) uv\u00e1dza <em>\u0442\u0438\u043c<\/em> <code>\u27e8tym\u27e9<\/code> ako lemkovsk\u00fd tvar in\u0161trument\u00e1lu mu\u017esk\u00e9ho a stredn\u00e9ho rodu v jednotnom \u010d\u00edsle (s. 107), na rozdiel od tvaru <em>\u0442\u044b\u043c<\/em> \u27e8<code>t\u0177m<\/code>\u27e9, ktor\u00fd uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa Fonta\u0144ski &amp; Chomiak (<a href=\"#chomiak\">2000, s. 97<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>c<\/sup> Pyrtej (<a href=\"#pyrtej\">2013<\/a>) uv\u00e1dza <em>\u0442\u0456\u043c<\/em> <code>\u27e8tim\u27e9<\/code> ako lemkovsk\u00fd tvar lok\u00e1lu mu\u017esk\u00e9ho a stredn\u00e9ho rodu v jednotnom \u010d\u00edsle (s. 107), na rozdiel od tvaru <em>\u0442\u044b\u043c<\/em> \u27e8<code>t\u0177m<\/code>\u27e9, ktor\u00fd uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa Fonta\u0144ski &amp; Chomiak (<a href=\"#chomiak\">2000, s. 97<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>d<\/sup> Pyrtej (<a href=\"#pyrtej\">2013<\/a>) uv\u00e1dza <em>\u0442\u0430<\/em> <code>\u27e8ta\u27e9<\/code> a <em>\u0442\u0430\u0301\u044f<\/em> <code>\u27e8t\u00e1ja\u27e9<\/code> ako alternat\u00edvne tvary lemkovsk\u00e9ho ukazovacieho z\u00e1mena v nominat\u00edve \u017eensk\u00e9ho rodu jednotn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla (s. 107). Tieto tvary u autorov Fonta\u0144ski &amp; Chomiak (<a href=\"#chomiak\">2000, s. 97<\/a>) ch\u00fdbaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>e<\/sup> Pyrtej (<a href=\"#pyrtej\">2013<\/a>) uv\u00e1dza <em>tu<\/em> <code>\u27e8tu\u27e9<\/code> a <em>\u0442\u0443\u0301\u044e<\/em> <code>\u27e8t\u00faju\u27e9<\/code> ako alternat\u00edvne tvary lemkovsk\u00e9ho ukazovacieho z\u00e1mena v akuzat\u00edve \u017eensk\u00e9ho rodu jednotn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla (s. 107). Tieto tvary u autorov Fonta\u0144ski &amp; Chomiak (<a href=\"#chomiak\">2000, s. 97<\/a>) ch\u00fdbaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>f<\/sup> Pyrtej (<a href=\"#pyrtej\">2013<\/a>) uv\u00e1dza <em>\u0442\u043e<\/em> <code>\u27e8to\u27e9<\/code> a <em>\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0454<\/em> <code>\u27e8t\u00f3je\u27e9<\/code> ako alternat\u00edvne tvary lemkovsk\u00e9ho ukazovacieho z\u00e1mena v nominat\u00edve stredn\u00e9ho rodu jednotn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla (s. 107). Tieto tvary u autorov Fonta\u0144ski &amp; Chomiak (<a href=\"#chomiak\">2000, s. 97<\/a>) ch\u00fdbaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-plural-those\">Mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo (\u201eTamtie\u201c)<\/h3>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>P\u00e1d<\/th><th>Lemko<\/th><th>Po\u013e\u0161tina<\/th><th>Ukrajin\u010dina<\/th><th>Ru\u0161tina<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Nominat\u00edv<\/td><td>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0442\u044b \u27e8tam<code>t\u00f3t\u0177<\/code>\u27e9<\/td><td>tamte\/tamci<\/td><td>\u0442\u0456<\/td><td>\u0442\u0435<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Genit\u00edv<\/td><td>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u27e8tamt\u0177ch\u27e9<\/td><td>tamtych<\/td><td>\u0442\u0438\u0445<\/td><td>\u0442\u0435\u0445<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dat\u00edv<\/td><td>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0442\u044b\u043c \u27e8tamt\u0177m\u27e9<\/td><td>tamtym<\/td><td>\u0442\u0438\u043c<\/td><td>\u0442\u0435\u043c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Akuzat\u00edv (ne\u017eivotn\u00e9)<\/td><td>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0442\u044b \u27e8tam<code>t\u00f3t\u0177<\/code>\u27e9<\/td><td>tamte<\/td><td>\u0442\u0456<\/td><td>\u0442\u0435<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Akuzat\u00edv (\u017eivotn\u00e9)<\/td><td>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u27e8tam<code>t\u0177ch<\/code>\u27e9<br\/><\/td><td>tamtych<\/td><td>\u0442\u0438\u0445<\/td><td>\u0442\u0435\u0445<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>In\u0161trument\u00e1l<\/td><td>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0442\u044b\u0301\u043c\u0430 \u27e8tamt\u0177ma\u27e9<\/td><td>tamtymi<\/td><td>\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438<\/td><td>\u0442\u0435\u0301mi<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Lok\u00e1l<\/td><td>\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u27e8tamt\u0177ch\u27e9<\/td><td>tamtych<\/td><td>\u0442\u0438\u0445<\/td><td>\u0442\u0435\u0445<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-references\">Referencie<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"chomiak\">1. ^ Fonta\u0144ski, H., Chomiak, M. (2000). <a href=\"http:\/\/lemko.org\/books\/indeks.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0490\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u043c\u043a\u0456\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430<\/a> [Gramatika lemkovsk\u00e9ho jazyka]. Sliezsko.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"pyrtej\">2. ^ Pyrtej, P. (2013). <a href=\"https:\/\/diasporiana.org.ua\/movoznavstvo\/16233-pirtey-p-lemkivski-govirki-fonetika-i-morfologiya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u041b\u0435\u043c\u043a\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0440\u043a\u0438. \u0424\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0456 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0444\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u044f. \u041e\u0431\u2019\u0454\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043b\u0435\u043c\u043a\u0456\u0432<\/a> [Lemkovsk\u00e9 n\u00e1re\u010dia. Fonetika a morfol\u00f3gia].<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"vasmer\">3. Vasmer, M. (1958). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.winter-verlag.de\/en\/detail\/978-3-8253-0667-0\/Vasmer_Russisches_etym_Woerterbuch_Bd_3_3_Aufl_\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Russisches Etymologisches W\u00f6rterbuch, Dritter Band: Sta\u2013\u0178<\/a> [Rusk\u00fd etymologick\u00fd slovn\u00edk, tret\u00ed zv\u00e4zok: Sta\u2013\u0178]. Carl Winter Universit\u00e4tsverlag.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nau\u010d sa preklad, etymol\u00f3giu a \u0161tandardizovan\u00e9 sklo\u0148ovanie lemkovsk\u00fdch ukazovac\u00edch z\u00e1men \u27e8tot\u27e9 \u201etento\u201c a \u27e8tamtot\u27e9 \u201etamten\u201c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11072,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[422],"tags":[423,563],"class_list":["post-11071","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gramatika","tag-ukazovacie","tag-zameno"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Lemkovsk\u00e9 ukazovacie z\u00e1men\u00e1<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nau\u010d sa preklad, etymol\u00f3giu a \u0161tandardizovan\u00e9 sklo\u0148ovanie lemkovsk\u00fdch ukazovac\u00edch z\u00e1men \u27e8tot\u27e9 \u201etento\u201c a \u27e8tamtot\u27e9 \u201etamten\u201c.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1, noarchive\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/lemko\/gramatika\/lemko-ukazovacie-zamena\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lemkovsk\u00e9 ukazovacie z\u00e1men\u00e1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nau\u010dte sa v\u00fdznam, etymol\u00f3giu a sklo\u0148ovanie \u27e8tot\u27e9 \u201etento\u201c a \u27e8tamtot\u27e9 \u201etamten\u201c\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/lemko\/gramatika\/lemko-ukazovacie-zamena\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Petro Orynycz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/orynycz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/orynycz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-03-04T11:30:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-14T06:04:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/featured.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"628\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Nau\u010d sa preklad, etymol\u00f3giu a \u0161tandardizovan\u00e9 sklo\u0148ovanie lemkovsk\u00fdch ukazovac\u00edch z\u00e1men \u27e8tot\u27e9 \u201etento\u201c a \u27e8tamtot\u27e9 \u201etamten\u201c.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@OrynyczP\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Autor\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Predpokladan\u00fd \u010das \u010d\u00edtania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 min\u00fat\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/sk\\\/lemko\\\/gramatika\\\/lemko-ukazovacie-zamena\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/sk\\\/lemko\\\/gramatika\\\/lemko-ukazovacie-zamena\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/sk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/81acf6b0d8344b8d8832f55a0e4a9f63\"},\"headline\":\"Lemkovsk\u00e9 ukazovacie z\u00e1men\u00e1\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-03-04T11:30:40+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-14T06:04:16+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/sk\\\/lemko\\\/gramatika\\\/lemko-ukazovacie-zamena\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1422,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/sk\\\/lemko\\\/gramatika\\\/lemko-ukazovacie-zamena\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/03\\\/featured.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Ukazovacie\",\"Z\u00e1meno\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Lemkovsk\u00e1 gramatika\"],\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/sk\\\/lemko\\\/gramatika\\\/lemko-ukazovacie-zamena\\\/#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2022\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/#organization\"},\"accessibilityFeature\":[\"tableOfContents\"]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/sk\\\/lemko\\\/gramatika\\\/lemko-ukazovacie-zamena\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/sk\\\/lemko\\\/gramatika\\\/lemko-ukazovacie-zamena\\\/\",\"name\":\"Lemkovsk\u00e9 ukazovacie z\u00e1men\u00e1\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/sk\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/sk\\\/lemko\\\/gramatika\\\/lemko-ukazovacie-zamena\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/sk\\\/lemko\\\/gramatika\\\/lemko-ukazovacie-zamena\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/03\\\/featured.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-03-04T11:30:40+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-14T06:04:16+00:00\",\"description\":\"Nau\u010d sa preklad, etymol\u00f3giu a \u0161tandardizovan\u00e9 sklo\u0148ovanie lemkovsk\u00fdch ukazovac\u00edch z\u00e1men \u27e8tot\u27e9 \u201etento\u201c a \u27e8tamtot\u27e9 \u201etamten\u201c.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/sk\\\/lemko\\\/gramatika\\\/lemko-ukazovacie-zamena\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/sk\\\/lemko\\\/gramatika\\\/lemko-ukazovacie-zamena\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/sk\\\/lemko\\\/gramatika\\\/lemko-ukazovacie-zamena\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/03\\\/featured.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/03\\\/featured.jpg\",\"width\":1200,\"height\":628},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/sk\\\/lemko\\\/gramatika\\\/lemko-ukazovacie-zamena\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Domov\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/sk\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Lemkovsk\u00fd jazyk\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/sk\\\/moc\\\/lemko\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Lemkovsk\u00e1 gramatika\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/sk\\\/moc\\\/lemko\\\/gramatika\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Lemkovsk\u00e9 ukazovacie z\u00e1men\u00e1\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/sk\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/sk\\\/\",\"name\":\"Orynycz.com\",\"description\":\"Vedec. In\u017einier umelej inteligencie. Lingvista.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"\u041e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447.com\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/sk\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"orynycz.com\",\"alternateName\":\"\u041e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447.com\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/sk\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/sk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/logo-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/logo-1.jpg\",\"width\":512,\"height\":512,\"caption\":\"orynycz.com\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/sk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/orynycz\"],\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/sk\\\/zasady\\\/\",\"ownershipFundingInfo\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/sk\\\/zasady\\\/\",\"actionableFeedbackPolicy\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/sk\\\/zasady\\\/\",\"correctionsPolicy\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/sk\\\/zasady\\\/\",\"ethicsPolicy\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/sk\\\/zasady\\\/\",\"diversityPolicy\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/sk\\\/zasady\\\/\",\"diversityStaffingReport\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/sk\\\/zasady\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\\\/sk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/81acf6b0d8344b8d8832f55a0e4a9f63\",\"name\":\"Admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/9a38941f48011a0de6d533516cefcfcbff0b865d9bbce556ca1778430b8139cf?s=96&d=initials&r=pg&initials=p\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/9a38941f48011a0de6d533516cefcfcbff0b865d9bbce556ca1778430b8139cf?s=96&d=initials&r=pg&initials=p\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/9a38941f48011a0de6d533516cefcfcbff0b865d9bbce556ca1778430b8139cf?s=96&d=initials&r=pg&initials=p\",\"caption\":\"Admin\"},\"description\":\"I am a scientist (ORCID iD 0000-0003-3094-9156), software engineer, computational linguist, localization and natural language engineer, Slavist, and Silicon Valley consultant. His research currently focuses on artificial intelligence (AI), neural machine translation (NMT), and hybrid systems to revitalize endangered, indigenous languages like Lemko. He received his degree in Russian at the Institute of East Slavic Philology of Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Poland, where he worked for Google amid its 2016 neural machine translation artificial intelligence breakthrough. His engines were recently mentioned in the Cambridge University Press journal Natural Language Engineering (Volume 25, Issue 5, page 634). Mr. Orynycz also has two decades of transatlantic experience as a linguist specializing in Russian, Polish, Ukrainian, Rusyn and Lemko for top language service providers, national defense, heavy industry, Raytheon, Amazon, Siemens, Mercedes-Benz, Daimler, investigators, philanthropists, and scientists.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.orynycz.com\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/orynycz\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/in\\\/orynycz\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/OrynyczP\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/channel\\\/UCOBzL010xr3XfzJcEZbaZyQ\"],\"gender\":\"male\",\"award\":[\"Engines mentioned in the Cambridge University Press journal Natural Language Engineering (Volume 25\",\"Issue 5\",\"page 634)\"],\"knowsAbout\":[\"Natural Language Processing\",\"Machine Translation\"],\"knowsLanguage\":[\"Ukrainian\",\"Lemko\",\"English\",\"Polish\",\"Russian\",\"Hungarian\"],\"jobTitle\":\"scientist\",\"worksFor\":\"Orynycz.com\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Lemkovsk\u00e9 ukazovacie z\u00e1men\u00e1","description":"Nau\u010d sa preklad, etymol\u00f3giu a \u0161tandardizovan\u00e9 sklo\u0148ovanie lemkovsk\u00fdch ukazovac\u00edch z\u00e1men \u27e8tot\u27e9 \u201etento\u201c a \u27e8tamtot\u27e9 \u201etamten\u201c.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1","archive":"noarchive"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/lemko\/gramatika\/lemko-ukazovacie-zamena\/","og_locale":"sk_SK","og_type":"article","og_title":"Lemkovsk\u00e9 ukazovacie z\u00e1men\u00e1","og_description":"Nau\u010dte sa v\u00fdznam, etymol\u00f3giu a sklo\u0148ovanie \u27e8tot\u27e9 \u201etento\u201c a \u27e8tamtot\u27e9 \u201etamten\u201c","og_url":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/lemko\/gramatika\/lemko-ukazovacie-zamena\/","og_site_name":"Petro Orynycz","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/orynycz","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/orynycz","article_published_time":"2022-03-04T11:30:40+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-02-14T06:04:16+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":628,"url":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/featured.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_description":"Nau\u010d sa preklad, etymol\u00f3giu a \u0161tandardizovan\u00e9 sklo\u0148ovanie lemkovsk\u00fdch ukazovac\u00edch z\u00e1men \u27e8tot\u27e9 \u201etento\u201c a \u27e8tamtot\u27e9 \u201etamten\u201c.","twitter_creator":"@OrynyczP","twitter_misc":{"Autor":"Admin","Predpokladan\u00fd \u010das \u010d\u00edtania":"6 min\u00fat"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/lemko\/gramatika\/lemko-ukazovacie-zamena\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/lemko\/gramatika\/lemko-ukazovacie-zamena\/"},"author":{"name":"Admin","@id":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/#\/schema\/person\/81acf6b0d8344b8d8832f55a0e4a9f63"},"headline":"Lemkovsk\u00e9 ukazovacie z\u00e1men\u00e1","datePublished":"2022-03-04T11:30:40+00:00","dateModified":"2026-02-14T06:04:16+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/lemko\/gramatika\/lemko-ukazovacie-zamena\/"},"wordCount":1422,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/lemko\/gramatika\/lemko-ukazovacie-zamena\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/featured.jpg","keywords":["Ukazovacie","Z\u00e1meno"],"articleSection":["Lemkovsk\u00e1 gramatika"],"inLanguage":"sk-SK","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/lemko\/gramatika\/lemko-ukazovacie-zamena\/#respond"]}],"copyrightYear":"2022","copyrightHolder":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/#organization"},"accessibilityFeature":["tableOfContents"]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/lemko\/gramatika\/lemko-ukazovacie-zamena\/","url":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/lemko\/gramatika\/lemko-ukazovacie-zamena\/","name":"Lemkovsk\u00e9 ukazovacie z\u00e1men\u00e1","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/lemko\/gramatika\/lemko-ukazovacie-zamena\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/lemko\/gramatika\/lemko-ukazovacie-zamena\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/featured.jpg","datePublished":"2022-03-04T11:30:40+00:00","dateModified":"2026-02-14T06:04:16+00:00","description":"Nau\u010d sa preklad, etymol\u00f3giu a \u0161tandardizovan\u00e9 sklo\u0148ovanie lemkovsk\u00fdch ukazovac\u00edch z\u00e1men \u27e8tot\u27e9 \u201etento\u201c a \u27e8tamtot\u27e9 \u201etamten\u201c.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/lemko\/gramatika\/lemko-ukazovacie-zamena\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"sk-SK","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/lemko\/gramatika\/lemko-ukazovacie-zamena\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sk-SK","@id":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/lemko\/gramatika\/lemko-ukazovacie-zamena\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/featured.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/featured.jpg","width":1200,"height":628},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/lemko\/gramatika\/lemko-ukazovacie-zamena\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Domov","item":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Lemkovsk\u00fd jazyk","item":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/moc\/lemko\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Lemkovsk\u00e1 gramatika","item":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/moc\/lemko\/gramatika\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Lemkovsk\u00e9 ukazovacie z\u00e1men\u00e1"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/","name":"Orynycz.com","description":"Vedec. In\u017einier umelej inteligencie. Lingvista.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/#organization"},"alternateName":"\u041e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447.com","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"sk-SK"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/#organization","name":"orynycz.com","alternateName":"\u041e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447.com","url":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sk-SK","@id":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/logo-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/logo-1.jpg","width":512,"height":512,"caption":"orynycz.com"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/orynycz"],"publishingPrinciples":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/zasady\/","ownershipFundingInfo":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/zasady\/","actionableFeedbackPolicy":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/zasady\/","correctionsPolicy":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/zasady\/","ethicsPolicy":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/zasady\/","diversityPolicy":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/zasady\/","diversityStaffingReport":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/zasady\/"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/#\/schema\/person\/81acf6b0d8344b8d8832f55a0e4a9f63","name":"Admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sk-SK","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9a38941f48011a0de6d533516cefcfcbff0b865d9bbce556ca1778430b8139cf?s=96&d=initials&r=pg&initials=p","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9a38941f48011a0de6d533516cefcfcbff0b865d9bbce556ca1778430b8139cf?s=96&d=initials&r=pg&initials=p","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9a38941f48011a0de6d533516cefcfcbff0b865d9bbce556ca1778430b8139cf?s=96&d=initials&r=pg&initials=p","caption":"Admin"},"description":"I am a scientist (ORCID iD 0000-0003-3094-9156), software engineer, computational linguist, localization and natural language engineer, Slavist, and Silicon Valley consultant. His research currently focuses on artificial intelligence (AI), neural machine translation (NMT), and hybrid systems to revitalize endangered, indigenous languages like Lemko. He received his degree in Russian at the Institute of East Slavic Philology of Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Poland, where he worked for Google amid its 2016 neural machine translation artificial intelligence breakthrough. His engines were recently mentioned in the Cambridge University Press journal Natural Language Engineering (Volume 25, Issue 5, page 634). Mr. Orynycz also has two decades of transatlantic experience as a linguist specializing in Russian, Polish, Ukrainian, Rusyn and Lemko for top language service providers, national defense, heavy industry, Raytheon, Amazon, Siemens, Mercedes-Benz, Daimler, investigators, philanthropists, and scientists.","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.orynycz.com","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/orynycz","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/orynycz\/","https:\/\/x.com\/OrynyczP","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCOBzL010xr3XfzJcEZbaZyQ"],"gender":"male","award":["Engines mentioned in the Cambridge University Press journal Natural Language Engineering (Volume 25","Issue 5","page 634)"],"knowsAbout":["Natural Language Processing","Machine Translation"],"knowsLanguage":["Ukrainian","Lemko","English","Polish","Russian","Hungarian"],"jobTitle":"scientist","worksFor":"Orynycz.com"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11071","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11071"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11071\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13175,"href":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11071\/revisions\/13175"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11072"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11071"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11071"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.orynycz.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11071"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}